Native heart valve leaflets with layered fibrous structures show anisotropic characteristics, allowing them to withstand complex mechanical loading for long-term cardiac cycles. Herein, two types of silk fibroin (SF) fiber membranes with anisotropic (ASF) and isotropic (ISF) properties were prepared by electrospinning, and were further combined with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels to serve as polymeric heart valve (PHV) substitutes (PEGDA-ASF and PEGDA-ISF). The uniaxial tensile tests showed obvious ani-sotropy of PEGDA-ASF with elastic moduli of 10.95±1.09 and 3.55±0.32 MPa, respectively, along the directions parallel and perpendicular to the fiber alignment, while PEGDA-ISF possessed isotropic property with elastic moduli of 4.54±0.43 MPa. The PHVs from both PEGDA-ASF and PEGDA-ISF presented appropriate hydrodynamic properties from pulse duplicator tests according to the ISO 5840-3 standard. However, finite element analysis (FEA) revealed the anisotropic PEGDA-ASF valve showed a lower maximum principle stress value (2.20 MPa) in commissures during diastole compared with that from the isotropic PEGDA-ISF valve (2.37 MPa). In the fully open state, the bending area of the PEGDA-ASF valve appeared in the belly portion and near the attachment line like native valves, however, which was close to free edges for the PEGDA-ISF valve. The Gauss curvature analysis also indicated that the anisotropic PEGDA-ASF valve can produce appropriate surface morphology by dynamically adjusting the movement of bending area during the opening process. Hence, anisotropy of PHVs with bio-inspired layered fibrous structures played important roles in mechanical and hydrodynamic behavior mimicking native heart valves.

具有分层纤维结构的天然心脏瓣膜小叶显示出各向异性的特征，使其能够承受长期的心动周期的复杂机械负荷。在此，通过静电纺丝制备了具有各向异性（ASF）和各向同性（ISF）特性的两种类型的丝素蛋白（SF）纤维膜，并将其进一步与聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯（PEGDA）水凝胶结合以用作聚合物心脏瓣膜（ PHV）替代品（PEGDA-ASF和PEGDA-ISF）。单轴拉伸试验表明，沿平行和垂直于纤维排列方向的弹性模量分别为10.95±1.09和3.55±0.32 MPa的PEGDA-ASF具有明显的各向异性，而PEGDA-ISF具有各向同性的弹性模量。 4.54±0.43兆帕。PEGDA-ASF和PEGDA-ISF的PHV均根据ISO 5840-3标准通过脉冲复制器测试显示出适当的流体力学特性。然而，有限元分析（FEA）显示，与各向同性PEGDA-ISF阀相比，各向异性PEGDA-ASF瓣膜在舒张期的合缝中显示出更低的最大主应力值（2.20 MPa）。在完全打开的状态下，PEGDA-ASF瓣膜的弯曲区域像自然瓣膜一样出现在腹部并靠近连接线，但是它接近PEGDA-ISF瓣膜的自由边缘。高斯曲率分析还表明，各向异性PEGDA-ASF阀可以通过动态调节打开过程中弯曲区域的移动来产生适当的表面形态。因此，