Developmental dynamics of neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the postnatal mammalian brain in health and disease: Historical and future perspectives.,WIREs Mechanisms of Disease

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Developmental dynamics of neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the postnatal mammalian brain in health and disease: Historical and future perspectives.
WIREs Mechanisms of Disease ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-11 , DOI: 10.1002/wdev.369
Masato Nakafuku _{1,

2} , Ángela Del Águila _{1,

2}

Affiliation

The mature mammalian brain has long been thought to be a structurally rigid, static organ since the era of Ramón y Cajal in the early 20th century. Evidence accumulated over the past three decades, however, has completely overturned this long‐held view. We now know that new neurons and glia are continuously added to the brain at postnatal stages, even in mature adults of various mammalian species, including humans. Moreover, these newly added cells contribute to structural plasticity and play important roles in higher order brain function, as well as repair after damage. A major source of these new neurons and glia is neural stem cells (NSCs) that persist in specialized niches in the brain throughout life. With this new view, our understanding of normal brain physiology and interventional approaches to various brain disorders has changed markedly in recent years. This article provides a brief overview on the historical changes in our understanding of the developmental dynamics of neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the postnatal and adult mammalian brain and discusses the roles of NSCs and other progenitor populations in such cellular dynamics in health and disease of the postnatal mammalian brain.

中文翻译：

在健康和疾病中的产后哺乳动物脑中神经发生和神经胶质发生的发展动力学：历史和未来观点。

自20世纪初期Ramóny Cajal时代以来，成熟的哺乳动物大脑一直被认为是结构刚性的静态器官。但是，过去三十年来积累的证据完全推翻了这一长期存在的观点。我们现在知道，即使在包括人类在内的各种哺乳动物物种的成熟成年期中，新的神经元和神经胶质细胞也会在出生后不断地添加到大脑中。此外，这些新添加的细胞有助于结构可塑性，并在高级脑功能以及损伤后修复中起重要作用。这些新的神经元和神经胶质细胞的主要来源是神经干细胞（NSC），这些神经干细胞在整个生命过程中都持续存在于大脑的特殊部位。有了这个新观点，近年来，我们对正常脑部生理学和各种脑部疾病的干预方法的理解发生了显着变化。本文简要概述了我们对产后和成年哺乳动物脑中神经发生和神经胶质形成的发展动态的了解的历史变化，并讨论了NSC和其他祖细胞在此类细胞动力学中对产后哺乳动物健康和疾病的作用。脑。

更新日期：2019-12-11

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