Alfalfa is the most forage crop cultivated in Mediteranean area where salinity is one of the main limiting factors for its production. Thus, a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) isolated from the Aoufous palmeraie, Morocco, and autochthonous rhizobia strain (RhLO1) or their combination (AM + RhLO1) were tested for their efficiency to improve alfalfa tolerance to salinity. The grass waste compost was given as a source of organic matter to the soil. Antioxidant status, physiological parameters and growth of alfalfa were evaluated. The results showed that the highest alfalfa growth was reached in plants dually inoculated particularly under non-stress conditions. Dual inoculation also enhanced the stomatal conductance in control plants, while the nodule number and mycorrhizal infection were enhanced under both conditions. Salt stress did not affect the efficiency of photosystem II. However, single or dual inoculation increased this efficiency. RhLO1 or AM + RhLO1 symbiosis could alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity on alfalfa. They could maintain higher leaf water potential (LWP Ψ), reducing the electrolyte leakages and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, inducing the accumulation of compatible osmolytes (sugar) and antioxidant enzymes as defense strategy. Thus, these autochthonous microorganisms were effective for alfalfa plants to alleviate salinity damage and improve plant growth and productivity.

中文翻译：

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丛枝菌根真菌和根瘤菌共生对紫花苜蓿耐盐胁迫的影响

苜蓿是地中海地区种植的最主要的牧草作物，盐度是其生产的主要限制因素之一。因此，测试了从摩洛哥棕榈果和本地根瘤菌菌株（RhLO1）或其组合（AM + RhLO1）分离出的丛枝菌根真菌（AM）的功效，以提高苜蓿对盐分的耐受性。将草屑堆肥作为土壤有机物的来源。评估苜蓿的抗氧化状态，生理参数和生长。结果表明，特别是在非胁迫条件下，双重接种的植物达到了最高的苜蓿生长。双重接种还增强了对照植物的气孔导度，而两种情况下的结节数和菌根感染均得到增强。盐胁迫不影响光系统II的效率。但是，单次或两次接种可提高此效率。RhLO1或AM + RhLO1共生可减轻盐度对苜蓿的有害影响。它们可以维持较高的叶片水势（LWPΨ），减少电解质泄漏和丙二醛（MDA）含量，诱导相容性渗透压（糖）和抗氧化酶的积累作为防御策略。因此，这些自生微生物对于苜蓿植物减轻盐分损害并提高植物生长和生产力是有效的。减少电解质泄漏和丙二醛（MDA）含量，诱导相容性渗透压（糖）和抗氧化酶的积累作为防御策略。因此，这些自生微生物对于苜蓿植物减轻盐分损害并提高植物生长和生产力是有效的。减少电解质泄漏和丙二醛（MDA）含量，诱导相容性渗透压（糖）和抗氧化酶的积累作为防御策略。因此，这些自生微生物对于苜蓿植物减轻盐分损害并提高植物生长和生产力是有效的。