Analog quantum simulators (AQS) will likely be the first nontrivial application of quantum technology for predictive simulation. However, there remain questions regarding the degree of confidence that can be placed in the results of AQS since they do not naturally incorporate error correction. Specifically, how do we know whether an analog simulation of a quantum model will produce predictions that agree with the ideal model in the presence of inevitable imperfections? At the same time there is a widely held expectation that certain quantum simulation questions will be robust to errors and perturbations in the underlying hardware. Resolving these two points of view is a critical step in making the most of this promising technology. In this work we formalize the notion of AQS reliability by determining sensitivity of AQS outputs to underlying parameters, and formulate conditions for robust simulation. Our approach naturally reveals the importance of model symmetries in dictating the robust properties. To demonstrate the approach, we characterize the robust features of a variety of quantum many-body models.

中文翻译：

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模拟量子模拟的可靠性

模拟量子模拟器（AQS）可能是量子技术在预测模拟中的第一个重要应用。但是，由于AQS结果没有自然地包含错误校正，因此仍然存在一些问题，这些问题可以置入AQS结果中。具体来说，我们如何知道在不可避免的缺陷存在下，量子模型的模拟仿真是否会产生与理想模型一致的预测？同时，人们普遍希望某些量子模拟问题能够抵抗底层硬件中的错误和干扰。解决这两种观点是充分利用这一有前途的技术的关键一步。在这项工作中，我们通过确定AQS输出对基本参数的敏感性来形式化AQS可靠性的概念，并为稳健的仿真制定条件。我们的方法自然揭示了模型对称性在决定鲁棒性方面的重要性。为了演示该方法，我们描述了多种量子多体模型的鲁棒性。