Abstract

Prostate cancer has a high incidence in men and remains the second cause of mortality due to cancer worldwide. As the development of the disease is greatly correlated to age, the identification of novel detection methods reliable, efficient, and cost effective is a matter of significant importance in the ageing population of western societies. The detection of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) in blood samples has been the preferred method for the detection and monitoring of prostate cancer over the past decades. Despite the indications against its use in massive population screening, PSA still remains the best studied biomarker for prostate cancer and the detection of its different forms and incorporation in multiplexed designs with other biomarkers still remains a highly valuable indicator in the theranostics of prostate cancer. The latest developments in the use of nanomaterials towards the construction of PSA biosensors are reviewed hereby. The incorporation of gold nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles and graphene nanostructures to biosensing devices has represented a big leap forward in terms of sensitivity, stability and miniaturization. Both electrochemical and optical detection methods for the detection of PSA will be reviewed herein.

中文翻译：

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使用纳米技术进行生物传感检测和监测前列腺特异性抗原

摘要

前列腺癌在男性中发病率很高，并且仍然是全世界范围内因癌症而致死的第二大原因。由于疾病的发展与年龄密切相关，因此，确定可靠，高效和具有成本效益的新型检测方法对于西方社会的老龄化至关重要。在过去的几十年中，检测血液样本中的前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）已成为检测和监测前列腺癌的首选方法。尽管有迹象表明不建议将其用于大规模人群筛查，但PSA仍然是研究最深入的前列腺癌生物标志物，并且检测其不同形式以及将其与其他生物标志物进行多重设计并入仍然是前列腺癌治疗学中非常有价值的指标。特此综述纳米材料在PSA生物传感器构造中的最新发展。将金纳米颗粒，二氧化硅纳米颗粒和石墨烯纳米结构并入生物传感装置在灵敏度，稳定性和小型化方面都代表了巨大的飞跃。本文将回顾用于检测PSA的电化学和光学检测方法。