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Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovarian syndrome and role of CYP gene variants: a review
Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-20 , DOI: 10.1186/s43042-019-0031-4
Sairish Ashraf , Mudasar Nabi , Shayaq ul Abeer Rasool , Fouzia Rashid , Shajrul Amin

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The pathophysiology of PCOS is not clear; however, disturbance in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and abnormal steroidogenesis along with genetic and environmental factors act as main contributors to this disorder. Hyperandrogenism, the hallmark feature of PCOS, is clinically manifested as hirsutism, acne, and alopecia. Excessive androgen production by ovaries as well as from adrenals contributes to hyperandrogenism. Abnormalities in the neuroendocrine system like increased pulse frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, stimulating the pituitary for excessive production of luteinizing hormone than that of follicle-stimulating hormone is seen in PCOS women. Excess LH stimulates ovarian androgen production, whereas a relative deficit in FSH impairs follicular development. The imbalance in LH: FSH causes proliferation of ovarian theca cells leading to increased steroidogenesis, and ultimately leading to hyperandrogenism in PCOS women. Various genetic factors have been shown to be associated with abnormal steroidogenesis. CYP genes involved in steroidogenesis play an important role in androgen production and are considered as key players in hyperandrogenism in PCOS. Polymorphisms in CYP genes can aggravate the hyperandrogenic phenotype in women with PCOS by either upregulating or downregulating their expression, thus increasing androgens further. However, this hypothesis needs to be validated by further studies.

中文翻译:

多囊卵巢综合征的高雄激素血症和 CYP 基因变异的作用:综述

多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS) 是一种多因素内分泌疾病,其特征是无排卵、雄激素过多症和多囊卵巢形态。PCOS的病理生理学尚不清楚;然而,下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴紊乱和类固醇生成异常以及遗传和环境因素是导致这种疾病的主要因素。高雄激素血症是 PCOS 的标志性特征,临床上表现为多毛症、痤疮和脱发。卵巢和肾上腺分泌过多的雄激素会导致雄激素过多症。神经内分泌系统的异常,如促性腺激素释放激素的脉冲频率增加,刺激垂体产生过多的促黄体激素,而不是促卵泡激素,见于 PCOS 女性。过量的 LH 会刺激卵巢雄激素的产生,而 FSH 的相对不足会损害卵泡发育。LH 的不平衡:FSH 导致卵巢膜细胞增殖,导致类固醇生成增加,最终导致多囊卵巢综合征女性的雄激素过多症。各种遗传因素已被证明与异常的类固醇生成有关。参与类固醇生成的 CYP 基因在雄激素产生中起重要作用,被认为是 PCOS 高雄激素血症的关键参与者。CYP 基因的多态性可以通过上调或下调表达来加重 PCOS 女性的高雄激素表型,从而进一步增加雄激素。然而,这一假设需要进一步的研究来验证。LH 失衡:FSH 导致卵巢膜细胞增殖,导致类固醇生成增加,最终导致多囊卵巢综合征女性的雄激素过多症。各种遗传因素已被证明与异常的类固醇生成有关。参与类固醇生成的 CYP 基因在雄激素产生中起重要作用,被认为是 PCOS 高雄激素血症的关键参与者。CYP 基因的多态性可以通过上调或下调表达来加重 PCOS 女性的高雄激素表型,从而进一步增加雄激素。然而,这一假设需要进一步的研究来验证。LH 的不平衡:FSH 导致卵巢膜细胞增殖,导致类固醇生成增加,最终导致多囊卵巢综合征女性的雄激素过多症。各种遗传因素已被证明与异常的类固醇生成有关。参与类固醇生成的 CYP 基因在雄激素产生中起重要作用,被认为是 PCOS 高雄激素血症的关键参与者。CYP 基因的多态性可以通过上调或下调表达来加重 PCOS 女性的高雄激素表型,从而进一步增加雄激素。然而,这一假设需要进一步的研究来验证。各种遗传因素已被证明与异常的类固醇生成有关。参与类固醇生成的 CYP 基因在雄激素产生中起重要作用,被认为是 PCOS 高雄激素血症的关键参与者。CYP 基因的多态性可以通过上调或下调表达来加重 PCOS 女性的高雄激素表型,从而进一步增加雄激素。然而,这一假设需要进一步的研究来验证。各种遗传因素已被证明与异常的类固醇生成有关。参与类固醇生成的 CYP 基因在雄激素产生中起重要作用,被认为是 PCOS 高雄激素血症的关键参与者。CYP 基因的多态性可以通过上调或下调表达来加重 PCOS 女性的高雄激素表型,从而进一步增加雄激素。然而,这一假设需要进一步的研究来验证。
更新日期:2019-11-20
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