Research in northern Kenya presents evidence that livestock herding remains the most important income activity for households in pastoral settlements, even though non-livestock income activities constitute a significant proportion of household income. This paper explores the socio-economic determinants of pastoral income diversification using rural household data collected from three pastoral settlement in Isiolo County, northern Kenya. This study is concerned with the patterns and determinants of participation in non-pastoral income-earning activities (NPIs), including emerging household strategies and their impact on pastoral livestock production with particular reference to household dependence on livestock income. The results show that the intensity and proportion of NPIs in household incomes are determined by household demographic factors and mobility status. This study concludes that the increase in NPIs that accompanies pastoral livestock production points to the growing importance of livelihood security derived from both managing pastoral livestock production risks and optimizing incentives for non-livestock livelihoods. This finding implies that NPIs are not a substitute for pastoral livelihood, at least not as the base livelihood, in the study area.

中文翻译：

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管理生计风险：肯尼亚Isiolo县牧区居民家庭的收入多样化和生计策略

肯尼亚北部的研究表明，尽管非畜牧业收入活动在家庭收入中占很大比例，但畜牧业仍是牧区居民家庭最重要的收入活动。本文使用从肯尼亚北部Isiolo县的三个牧民定居点收集的农村家庭数据探索了牧民收入多样化的社会经济决定因素。这项研究关注的是参与非牧民创收活动（NPI）的模式和决定因素，包括新兴的家庭战略及其对牧业畜牧生产的影响，特别是家庭对牲畜收入的依赖。结果表明，非营利组织在家庭收入中的强度和比例取决于家庭人口因素和流动状况。这项研究得出结论，伴随牧业畜牧生产的非营利机构数量的增加表明，从管理牧业畜牧生产风险和优化非牲畜生计激励两个方面出发，生计安全的重要性日益提高。这一发现表明，在研究区域中，非营利组织不能替代牧民生计，至少不能作为基础生计。