Simulation is a proven technique for effective construction site layout planning and heavy equipment resource optimization. Traditional simulation uses historical data as input for task durations. Data is fed into activity cycle diagrams which many times do not consider any of the rapidly changing spatial constraints that are present on a construction site. Very little research has been conducted towards more realistic, real-time simulation involving data gathering from live actors and documenting the effect of potential changes to such a spatial-temporal work environment. Cell-based simulation, incorporating continuous spatial changes to the site layout during project operations and real-time Global Positioning System (GPS) location tracking data from equipment resources, is introduced for more realistic and rapid modeling. The potential of analyzing and visualizing the effects of spatial consideration of varying resource combinations in earthmoving cycles on productivity and site congestion are explored. It provides insight and awareness in decision making for resource management, site layout and internal traffic control planning. The proposed cell-based simulation system handles complex and more realistic scenarios. Various cell parameters were tested in a case study of common earthmoving operations. The advantages of the cell-based over a traditional simulation model include ease of visualization and simplicity in modeling spatial constraints (e.g., ramp restricting traffic to one-way flow). The system provides full control over the flow of resources by using predefined rules or algorithms. It simplifies the design process since, except for some certain key cells, other ordinary cells followed the same rules without being programmed individually. Future research may involve multiple, non-interacting crews competing for resources and study of time-space conflicts in more detail. The presented cell-based simulation system is able to model and visualize the cyclic activities of earthmoving equipment that occur on a construction site in greater detail than previous simulation methods have done. Using near real-time location data from equipment as input value in the simulation helps construction site project engineers, planners, and managers to improve coordination and monitoring of such construction resources.

中文翻译：

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使用实时设备位置数据进行土方作业的基于单元的施工现场模拟模型

模拟是一种行之有效的技术，可用于有效的施工现场布局规划和重型设备资源优化。传统的模拟使用历史数据作为任务持续时间的输入。数据被馈送到活动周期图中，很多时候它并未考虑施工现场中存在的任何快速变化的空间约束。很少有研究针对更真实，更实时的仿真，涉及从现场演员收集数据并记录潜在变化对这种时空工作环境的影响。引入了基于单元的仿真，在项目运行期间将连续的空间变化合并到站点布局中，并引入了来自设备资源的实时全球定位系统（GPS）位置跟踪数据，以实现更真实，更快速的建模。探索了分析和可视化土方循环中各种资源组合的空间考虑因素对生产力和站点拥堵的影响的潜力。它为资源管理，站点布局和内部流量控制计划的决策提供洞察力和意识。所提出的基于单元的仿真系统可处理复杂且更现实的场景。在常见的土方作业案例研究中测试了各种单元参数。与传统的仿真模型相比，基于单元的优势包括易于可视化以及对空间约束（例如，将流量限制为单向流量进行坡道建模）的简化。该系统通过使用预定义的规则或算法提供对资源流的完全控制。因为除了某些关键单元格外，它简化了设计过程 其他普通单元则遵循相同的规则，而无需单独编程。未来的研究可能涉及多个不互动的人员争夺资源并更详细地研究时空冲突。与以前的模拟方法相比，本基于单元的模拟系统能够对施工现场发生的土方设备的周期性活动进行建模和可视化。在模拟中使用来自设备的近乎实时的位置数据作为输入值可帮助建筑工地项目工程师，规划人员和管理人员改善此类建筑资源的协调和监控。非互动人员争夺资源并更详细地研究时空冲突。与以前的模拟方法相比，本基于单元的模拟系统能够对施工现场发生的土方设备的周期性活动进行建模和可视化。在模拟中使用来自设备的近乎实时的位置数据作为输入值可帮助建筑工地项目工程师，规划人员和管理人员改善此类建筑资源的协调和监控。非互动人员争夺资源并更详细地研究时空冲突。与以前的模拟方法相比，本基于单元的模拟系统能够对施工现场发生的土方设备的周期性活动进行建模和可视化。在模拟中使用来自设备的近乎实时的位置数据作为输入值可帮助建筑工地项目工程师，规划人员和管理人员改善此类建筑资源的协调和监控。