BackgroundThis study investigates the common and anthropogenic activities that impact the science of groundwater in and around an industrial zone and exhibits the utilization of multivariate statistical methods for groundwater quality, toxicity and health risk associated with contaminated industrial sites for proficient administration of water assets. A total of 120 groundwater samples were collected during summer and winter season, and analyzed for their twenty physicochemical constituents including seven toxic heavy metals (pH, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), F, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, CO3, HCO3, NO3, SO4, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn). Data obtained was treated using principal component analysis (PCA)/factor analysis (FA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), Correlation coefficient and health risk analysis to find the common pollution source.ResultsThe results for mean abundance during two seasons for cations and anions were 7 and 6.9 for pH; 1875 and 1527 for TDS; 3 and 3.3 (µs/cm) for EC; 655 and 569 for Ca2+; 59 and 56 for Mg2+; 340 and 211 for Na+; 5 and 4 mg/L for K+; 148 and 126 for CO32− 301 and 228 for HCO3−; 289 and 223 for Cl− 0.5 and 0.85 for F−; 99 and 86 for SO42− 28 and 23 mg/L for NO3−. While for heavy metals 18 and 4 for As; 2 and 0.4 for Cd; 29 and 5 for Cr; 17 and 4 for Cu; 25 and 6 for Ni; 82 and 3 for Pb; 953 and 989 µg/L for Zn, respectively. FA identified six dominant factors for each during summer and winter seasons that explained 70.43% and 71.06% of the variance in the dataset. Health risk assessment of chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) during both seasons were in the order Ca > Na > HCO3 > Cl > CO3 > SO4 > Mg > NO3 > K > F and was as well computed.ConclusionThe significant reasons for water quality degrading in the study area were associated with various natural and anthropogenic sources and their unsystematic apportionment, show that proper land uses, industrial planning, design some remedial techniques and implementation of existing laws to have active groundwater resource management.

中文翻译：

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使用多元统计方法评估工业区地下水质量、毒性和健康风险

背景本研究调查了影响工业区及其周围地下水科学的常见和人为活动，并展示了利用多元统计方法分析与受污染的工业场地相关的地下水质量、毒性和健康风险，以对水资产进行有效管理。夏季和冬季共采集了 120 个地下水样品，分析了其 20 种理化成分，包括 7 种有毒重金属（pH、EC、总溶解固体 (TDS)、F、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Cl、 CO3、HCO3、NO3、SO4、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）。使用主成分分析（PCA）/因子分析（FA）、层次聚类分析（HCA）、相关系数和健康风险分析对获得的数据进行处理，以找到常见的污染源。结果阳离子和阴离子在两个季节的平均丰度结果为7，pH为6.9；TDS 为 1875 和 1527；EC 为 3 和 3.3 (µs/cm)；Ca2+ 为 655 和 569；Mg2+ 为 59 和 56；Na+ 为 340 和 211；K+ 为 5 和 4 mg/L；CO32− 为 148 和 126，HCO3− 为 301 和 228；Cl- 0.5 为 289 和 223，F- 为 0.85；SO42− 28 为 99 和 86，NO3− 为 23 mg/L。而对于重金属 18 和 4，对于 As；Cd 为 2 和 0.4；29 和 5 为 Cr；铜为 17 和 4；25 和 6 为 Ni；82 和 3 为 Pb；Zn 分别为 953 和 989 µg/L。FA 在夏季和冬季分别确定了六个主要因素，分别解释了数据集中 70.43% 和 71.06% 的差异。两个季节慢性每日摄入量 (CDI) 和危害商数 (HQ) 的健康风险评估顺序为 Ca > Na > HCO3 > Cl > CO3 > SO4 > Mg > NO3 >