BACKGROUND Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a diadromous fish compromised by various stressors, which can lead to population decline and the urgency of stronger conservation regulation. In the absence of documentation of direct knowledge of local populations, a broader zoological and ecological understanding of sea lamprey fishing has become vital for the preservation of traditional practices and conservation of this migratory fish. To this purpose, we collected data from the P. marinus about the artisanal fisheries profile, folk taxonomy, habitat, reproduction, migration, and displacement using a low-cost methodology, through ethnobiology tools, in the four riverine fishing villages in Portugal. METHODS A total of 40 semi-structured interviews were carried out during the winter of 2019 in crucial fishing villages in the Minho river. Fishers were selected by random sampling and the snowball technique when appropriate. Interviews applied contained four parts (fisher's profile, projective test, knowledge about fishing, and ethnozoological knowledge about the sea lamprey). Informal knowledge was analyzed following an emic-etic approach and the set-theoretical Union of all individual competences. The Code of Ethics of the International Society of Ethnobiology (ISE) was the main parameter for the conduction of this ethnozoological research and related activities in the Cooperminho project. RESULTS This first ethnobiological study of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Portugal showed a sample of predominantly male fishers, averaging 57.13 years old, and average fishing experience of 37.18 years. The average income of fishers is about 688.28 Euros, and the level of education was predominantly basic. Data from artisanal fisheries showed the time and frequency of fishing, the characterization of fishing boats, and general information on catching lamprey in the Minho river. Three new folk names were attributed to P. marinus. Fishers mentioned sites with rock fragments and sandy bottoms and depth ranges ranging from 0 to 8 m as likely sea lamprey habitats. The villages of Monção and Melgaço are the last areas of the river where you could spot sea lamprey, as well as the last probable spawning grounds for this fish in the Minho river. The hydroelectric dams and predatory fisheries were considered the main obstacles to the migration of sea lamprey. Finally, local fishers also shared the lamprey migration season to feed and spawn. CONCLUSIONS Fishers shared a vast informal knowledge of sea lamprey zoology and ecology typical of anadromous species of the Petromyzontidae family, in the central traditional Portuguese communities on the Minho river. This fisher's knowledge becomes essential to preserve cultural practices of the sea lamprey, which is currently highly susceptible to anthropogenic pressures. Given the real warning of population extinction in the Portuguese rivers (such as the Minho river) and a similar trend in Spanish territory, ethnozoological studies of sea lamprey in Spanish fishing communities may support our findings. Also, this study may assist in the adaptive participatory management of these anadromous fish, as well as in documentation of local ecological knowledge (LEK) and centuries-old fishing practices that are also vulnerable in modern times on the international frontier Minho river.

中文翻译：

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关于葡萄牙米尼奥河溯河产卵七鳃鳗（Petromyzon marinus）的传统渔村的民族动物学知识。

背景技术海七鳃鳗（Petromyzon marinus）是一种产海鱼类，受到各种应激因素的影响，这可能导致种群数量下降以及加强保护监管的紧迫性。由于缺乏对当地居民的直接了解的记录，对七鳃鳗捕捞的更广泛的动物学和生态学了解对于保护传统做法和保护这种洄游鱼类至关重要。为此，我们利用低成本方法，通过民族生物学工具，在葡萄牙的四个河流渔村收集了关于手工渔业概况、民间分类、栖息地、繁殖、迁徙和流离失所的P. marinus数据。方法 2019 年冬季，在米尼奥河的重要渔村进行了 40 次半结构化访谈。渔民是通过随机抽样和适当时的滚雪球技术来选择的。访谈内容包括四个部分（渔民简介、投射测试、渔业知识和七鳃鳗民族动物学知识）。按照主位方法和所有个人能力的集合理论联盟对非正式知识进行了分析。国际民族生物学学会（ISE）的道德准则是库珀米尼奥项目中进行民族动物学研究和相关活动的主要参数。结果 这项针对葡萄牙七鳃鳗 (Petromyzon marinus) 的首次民族生物学研究显示，样本以男性渔民为主，平均年龄 57.13 岁，平均捕鱼经验为 37.18 年。渔民的平均收入约为688.28欧元，教育水平以基础教育为主。手工渔业的数据显示了捕鱼的时间和频率、渔船的特征以及在米尼奥河捕获七鳃鳗的一般信息。P. marinus 被认为是三个新的民间名称。渔民提到，有岩石碎片和沙质底部、深度范围为 0 至 8 m 的地点可能是海七鳃鳗栖息地。蒙桑 (Monção) 和梅尔加苏 (Melgaço) 村庄是河流中最后可以看到七鳃鳗的区域，也是这种鱼在米尼奥河中最后可能的产卵地。水力发电大坝和掠夺性渔业被认为是海七鳃鳗迁徙的主要障碍。最后，当地渔民还分享了七鳃鳗的迁徙季节来觅食和产卵。结论 在米尼奥河沿岸传统葡萄牙社区的中部，渔民们对海七鳃鳗动物学和典型的七鳃鳗科溯河产卵物种生态学有着广泛的非正式知识。渔民的知识对于保护七鳃鳗的文化习俗至关重要，目前七鳃鳗极易受到人为压力的影响。鉴于葡萄牙河流（例如米尼奥河）人口灭绝的真实警告以及西班牙境内的类似趋势，对西班牙渔业社区海七鳃鳗的民族动物学研究可能支持我们的发现。此外，这项研究可能有助于对这些溯河产卵鱼类进行适应性参与管理，以及记录当地生态知识（LEK）和数百年历史的捕鱼做法，这些做法在现代国际边境米尼奥河上也很脆弱。