Antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal agriculture contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans, which imposes significant health and economic costs on society. Economists call these costs negative externalities, societal costs that are not properly reflected in market prices. We review the relevant literature and develop a model to quantify the external costs of AMU in animal agriculture on AMR in humans. Parameters required for this estimate include (a) the health and economic burden of AMR in humans,(b) the impact of AMU in animal agriculture on AMR in animals, (c) the fraction of AMR in humans attributable to animal agriculture, and (d) AMU in animals. We use a well-documented historic case to estimate an externality cost of about US$1,500 per kilogram of fluoroquinolones administered in US broiler chicken production. Enhanced data collection, particularly on the third and fourth parameters, is urgently needed to quantify more fully the externalities of AMU in animal agriculture.

中文翻译：

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畜牧业使用抗生素导致人类抗生素耐药性的外部社会成本。


畜牧业中抗生素的使用（AMU）会导致人类对抗生素产生耐药性（AMR），从而给社会带来巨大的健康和经济成本。经济学家将这些成本称为负外部性，即没有正确反映在市场价格中的社会成本。我们回顾了相关文献并开发了一个模型来量化动物农业中 AMU 对人类 AMR 的外部成本。该估计所需的参数包括 (a) 人类 AMR 的健康和经济负担，(b) 畜牧业中 AMU 对动物 AMR 的影响，(c) 人类 AMR 归因于畜牧业的比例，以及 ( d) 动物的 AMU。我们利用一个有据可查的历史案例来估计美国肉鸡生产中每公斤氟喹诺酮类药物的外部成本约为 1,500 美元。迫切需要加强数据收集，特别是第三和第四个参数的数据收集，以更全面地量化畜牧业中 AMU 的外部性。