A detailed study of the vegetative–detrital cover (VDC) of pine ecosystems of the Mari Zavolzhye demonstrated that, depending on its origin, a specific hydrothermal soil regime is formed in each type of forest. It has been established that the VDC has the highest moisture capacity in lichen–mossy pine forests in comparison to lichen–pine forests. For the first time, based on the VDC parameters, a scale has been proposed to estimate the rate of the biological cycle. It is established that the most important indicators are the thickness of the VDC, ash content, and hydrolytic acidity.

中文翻译：

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Mari Zavolzhye森林中的凋落物的结构和功能组织

对Mari Zavolzhye松树生态系统的植物残渣覆盖物（VDC）的详细研究表明，取决于其起源，每种森林都形成了特定的热液土壤体系。已经确定，相比于地衣-松树林，VDC在地衣-苔藓松树林中具有最高的水分吸收能力。首次基于VDC参数，提出了一种用于估计生物周期速率的标度。已确定最重要的指标是VDC的厚度，灰分含量和水解酸度。