One of the major tasks involved in the development of a knowledge-based problem solver is domain knowledge representation and reasoning. In this paper, we address this task for a knowledge-based kinematics word problem solver that solves problems from the domain of kinematics automatically, where solving each problem involves identifying the value of a specific unknown quantity referred to, within the problem. Knowledge about kinematics domain is captured at two levels: quantitative level and a more abstract qualitative level. We leverage OWL (Web Ontology Language) and RDF (Resource Description Framework) rules to represent both qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the domain in a single framework. We build an ontology, wherein we identify a fixed number of classes and properties that provide a vocabulary to formally represent a domain qualitatively and quantitatively. We then define the kinematics domain in terms of these classes and properties using RDF rules and OWL axioms. This is then used as a knowledge base (KB) to a kinematics problem solver. The input to this solver is represented as an RDF graph, called the problem scenario graph. Inference based on the OWL axioms and RDF rules in the KB adds knowledge, that is required to solve the problem, to the problem scenario graph. The knowledge enriched problem scenario graph is then used by an external reasoner to infer the value of the unknown quantity in the problem. We created a dataset of around 100 problems from the domain to provide a qualitative analysis of the solver by describing the various failure modes with examples.

中文翻译：

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使用定性和定量知识的基于本体的运动学问题求解器

开发基于知识的问题解决器所涉及的主要任务之一是领域知识表示和推理。在本文中，我们针对基于知识的运动学单词问题求解器解决此任务，该求解器自动解决运动学领域的问题，其中解决每个问题都涉及识别问题中所引用的特定未知量的值。关于运动学领域的知识在两个层次上获取：定量层次和更抽象的定性层次。我们利用 OWL（Web 本体语言）和 RDF（资源描述框架）规则在单个框架中表示领域的定性和定量知识。我们建立一个本体，其中我们确定了固定数量的类和属性，这些类和属性提供了一个词汇表，可以定性和定量地正式表示一个领域。然后我们使用 RDF 规则和 OWL 公理根据这些类和属性定义运动学域。然后将其用作运动学问题求解器的知识库 (KB)。此求解器的输入表示为 RDF 图，称为问题场景图。基于 KB 中的 OWL 公理和 RDF 规则的推理将解决问题所需的知识添加到问题场景图中。然后，外部推理器使用知识丰富的问题​​场景图来推断问题中未知量的值。