Shrinking lot sizes and growing product variability demand frequent changes in manufacturing systems. Common manufacturing systems, however, are built for large, invariant lot sizes. (Self-)adaptive manufacturing systems can, on the other hand, react quickly to changes in both function and capabilities. This ability makes them suitable to meet new customer or production requirements. Introducing (self-)adaptiveness in manufacturing requires designing adaptable and flexible systems and anticipating runtime changes at design time. In this article, we describe the engineering of (self-)adaptiveness of manufacturing systems by presenting definitions, significant challenges, and promising solution approaches. We limit the scope of work on designing and realizing such manufacturing systems based on reference architectures, self-organization, and knowledge-based reconfiguration.

批量规模的缩小和产品变异性的增加要求制造系统频繁变化。然而，常见的制造系统是为大且不变的批量而构建的。另一方面，（自适应）制造系统可以对功能和能力的变化做出快速反应。这种能力使它们适合满足新的客户或生产要求。在制造中引入（自适应）适应性需要设计适应性强且灵活的系统，并在设计时预测运行时的变化。在本文中，我们通过提出定义、重大挑战和有前景的解决方案来描述制造系统的（自适应）工程。我们限制了基于参考架构、自组织和基于知识的重构来设计和实现此类制造系统的工作范围。