Agroecological service crops are introduced into the vegetable crop rotation to provide agroecosystem services, and are a key strategy for weed management in organic systems. Organic farmers across Europe usually terminate these crops before cultivation of the subsequent cash crop, using them as green manure. Recently, the in-line tillage-roller crimper has attracted interest across Europe. It allows flattening the agroecological service crops and creates a narrow furrow that facilitates the fertilization and transplantation of organic vegetables. In Europe, most of the research on this technology has been carried out in Italy, and no studies are available analyzing its effect on weed density, weed species richness, and community composition in different vegetable crops, soils, and climatic conditions across Europe. We compared the effects of the usage of in-line tillage-roller crimper versus green manure on the weed abundance, species richness, and community composition in fourteen original datasets from five countries over 2 years. The support for a common effect of in-line tillage-roller crimper across trials was tested by means of a meta-analytic approach based on a weighted version of Stouffer’s method. Our results indicate that in-line tillage-roller crimper management reduced weed density by 35.1% on average in comparison with green manure, and this trend was significant across trials. Moreover, we document a significant reduction of weed species richness under this technique and significant but, in general, minor changes in the weed community composition across the trials. Therefore, this study provides for the first time a solid evidence of the effectiveness of this management technique to reduce weed density at the early stages of crop growth across a wide range of vegetable systems and production conditions in Europe. Nonetheless, it is important to note that the effect of this technology can be strongly affected by variations in cropping conditions.

中文翻译：

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用辊筒压接机管理的农业生态服务作物降低了整个欧洲有机蔬菜系统中的杂草密度和杂草物种的丰富度

农业生态服务作物被引入蔬菜作物轮作中以提供农业生态系统服务，并且是有机系统中杂草管理的关键策略。欧洲的有机农民通常在种植随后的经济作物之前将这些作物用作绿肥，然后将其终止。最近，在线耕作辊压接机引起了整个欧洲的兴趣。它可以使农业生态服务作物扁平化，并形成狭窄的犁沟，从而有利于有机蔬菜的施肥和移栽。在欧洲，对该技术的大多数研究已在意大利进行，目前尚无研究分析其对欧洲不同蔬菜作物，土壤和气候条件下的杂草密度，杂草物种丰富度和群落组成的影响。我们在2年中比较了来自五个国家的14个原始数据集中使用在线耕作压接机和绿肥对杂草丰度，物种丰富度和群落组成的影响。通过基于Stouffer方法加权版本的荟萃分析方法，测试了在线耕作辊式压接机在整个试验中的共同效果。我们的结果表明，与绿肥相比，在线耕作压路机卷曲管理平均可降低35.1％的杂草密度，并且这种趋势在所有试验中均十分明显。此外，我们记录了这种技术下杂草物种丰富度的显着降低，并且在整个试验过程中杂草群落组成发生了显着但总体上较小的变化。因此，这项研究首次提供了可靠的证据，证明这种管理技术在降低欧洲各种蔬菜系统和生产条件下作物生长初期杂草密度方面的有效性。但是，重要的是要注意，种植条件的变化会严重影响该技术的效果。