Domestic pigeons have high polymorphism in plumage morphs and colours. The genes that affect colour and coat patterns can be used to estimate genetic profiles that allow us to deduce the structures of populations, establish whether they are in a population equilibrium and learn the genetic similarity among them. This article tested these population components and the existing relationships among cities in northern South America, Western Europe and Singapore (Southeast Asia) through the inventory of phenotypic frequencies and the estimation of allele frequencies for the Pattern, Grizzle, Background colour, Spread, Crest, Recessive white and Feathered feet loci. The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated based on the Pattern and Grizzle loci. The results showed a higher genetic diversity in populations from northern South America with respect to the one from Western Europe, although the differentiation among cities was low (GST = 0.0759). Several populations were not in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for the evaluated loci, and a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances was not found. The relatively small home range of the pigeons and the dispersion carried out by humans are discussed as possible explanations for the current genetic profiles.

中文翻译：

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使用表型标记对城市鸽子种群进行跨大陆遗传推断

家鸽在羽毛形态和颜色方面具有高度的多态性。影响颜色和毛色的基因可用于估计遗传图谱，使我们能够推断种群结构，确定它们是否处于种群平衡状态并了解它们之间的遗传相似性。本文通过表型频率的清单和对 Pattern、Grizzle、Background colour、Spread、Crest 等位基因频率的估计，测试了这些人口组成以及南美洲北部、西欧和新加坡（东南亚）城市之间的现有关系，隐性白色和羽状足位点。Hardy-Weinberg 平衡基于 Pattern 和 Grizzle 轨迹进行评估。结果表明，尽管城市之间的差异很小（GST = 0.0759），但与来自西欧的人群相比，南美洲北部人群的遗传多样性更高。几个种群不在所评估位点的哈代-温伯格平衡中，并且没有发现遗传和地理距离之间的显着相关性。鸽子相对较小的家庭范围和人类进行的分散被讨论为当前遗传谱的可能解释。