In Schelling’s segregation model, agents of two ethnic groups reside in a regular grid and aim to live in a neighborhood that matches the minimum desired fraction of members of the same ethnicity. The model shows that observed segregation can emerge from people interacting under spatial constraints following homophily preferences. Even mild preferences can generate high degrees of segregation at the macro level. In modern, ethnically diverse societies, people might not define similarity based on ethnicity. Instead, shared tolerance towards ethnic diversity might play a more significant role, impacting segregation and integration in societies. With this consideration, we extend Schelling’s model by dividing the population of agents into value-oriented and ethnicity-oriented agents. Using parameter sweeping, we explore the consequences that the mutual adaptation of these two types of agents has on ethnic segregation, value segregation, and population density in the neighborhood. We examine for equally sized ethnic groups and for majority–minority conditions. The introduction of value-oriented agents reduces total ethnic segregation compared to Schelling’s original model, but the new value segregation appears to be more pronounced than ethnic segregation. Due to spillover effects, stronger ethnic homophily preferences lead not only to greater ethnic segregation, but also to more value segregation. Stronger value-orientation of the tolerant agents similarly leads to increased ethnic segregation of the ethnicity-oriented agents. Also, value-oriented agents tend to live in neighborhoods with more agents than ethnicity-oriented agents. In majority–minority settings, such effects appear to be more drastic for the minority than the majority ethnicity.

中文翻译：

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不同的同性恋偏好如何缓解和刺激种族和价值隔离：谢林模型的扩展

在 Schelling 的隔离模型中，两个种族群体的代理人居住在一个规则的网格中，并且旨在生活在一个与同一种族成员的最低期望比例相匹配的社区中。该模型表明，观察到的隔离可以从人们在空间限制下按照同质偏好进行交互而出现。即使是轻微的偏好也会在宏观层面产生高度的隔离。在现代、种族多元化的社会中，人们可能不会根据种族来定义相似性。相反，对种族多样性的共同容忍可能会发挥更重要的作用，影响社会中的隔离和融合。考虑到这一点，我们通过将代理人群体划分为价值导向和种族导向的代理人来扩展谢林模型。使用参数扫描，我们探讨了这两种主体的相互适应对种族隔离、价值隔离和邻里人口密度的影响。我们检查了同等规模的族群和多数-少数情况。与谢林的原始模型相比，价值导向代理的引入减少了总体种族隔离，但新的价值隔离似乎比种族隔离更明显。由于溢出效应，更强的种族同质偏好不仅会导致更大的种族隔离，还会导致更多的价值隔离。宽容代理人更强的价值取向同样会导致种族取向代理人的种族隔离增加。此外，以价值为导向的代理人往往生活在比以种族为导向的代理人多的社区中。