We study the quantum phase transition in the Dicke model beyond the thermodynamic limit. With the Kibble–Zurek mechanism and adiabatic dynamics, we find that the residual energy is inversely proportional to the number of qubits, indicating that more qubits can obtain more energies from the oscillator as the number of qubits increases. Finally, we put forward a promising experiment device to realize this system.

中文翻译：

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超出热力学极限的Dicke模型中的量子相变和猝灭动力学相似

我们研究了Dicke模型中超出热力学极限的量子相变。借助Kibble-Zurek机理和绝热动力学，我们发现残余能量与量子位的数量成反比，表明随着量子位数量的增加，更多的量子位可以从振荡器获得更多的能量。最后，我们提出了一个有希望的实验装置来实现该系统。