In this study, we reported a low-temperature, one-step solution process to fabricate perovskite solar cells using dehydrated lead acetate as the lead source. These perovskite films were aged at 200 s before thermal annealing at 90 °C for 5 min. Uniform perovskite films with lesser pinholes were obtained by this technique. The inverted planar (n-i-p) perovskite solar cell device resulted in a power conversion efficiency of 13%. A substantial finding was that the devices demonstrated high reproducibility. We also investigated the effect of annealing temperature on the optical and structural properties of the films and on the photovoltaic performances of the fabricated solar cell devices. For the aforementioned, a low-temperature, one-step solution process, the optimal temperature was achieved at 90 °C.

中文翻译：

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一种优化预退火老化和退火条件以改善钙钛矿太阳能电池光伏性能的方法

在这项研究中，我们报告了一种低温一步法溶液工艺，该工艺使用脱水醋酸铅作为铅源来制造钙钛矿型太阳能电池。这些钙钛矿薄膜在200 s时效，然后在90°C下进行5分钟的热退火。通过该技术获得具有较小针孔的均匀钙钛矿膜。倒置的平面（压区）钙钛矿太阳能电池器件的功率转换效率为13％。一个实质性的发现是该设备表现出了高再现性。我们还研究了退火温度对薄膜的光学和结构性能以及所制造的太阳能电池器件的光伏性能的影响。对于上述的低温一步法固溶工艺，最佳温度在90°C时达到。