Lophotrochozoa (also called Spiralia), the sister taxon of Ecdysozoa, includes animal taxa with disparate body plans such as the segmented annelids, the shell bearing molluscs and brachiopods, the colonial bryozoans, the endoparasitic acanthocephalans and the acoelomate platyhelminths. Phylogenetic relationships within Lophotrochozoa have been notoriously difficult to resolve leading to the point that they are often represented as polytomy. Recent studies focussing on phylogenomics, Hox genes and fossils provided new insights into the evolutionary history of this difficult group. New evidence supporting the inclusion of chaetognaths within gnathiferans, the phylogenetic position of Orthonectida and Dicyemida, as well as the general phylogeny of lophotrochozoans is reviewed. Several taxa formerly erected based on morphological synapomorphies (e.g. Lophophorata, Tetraneuralia, Parenchymia) seem (finally) to get additional support from phylogenomic analyses.

中文翻译：

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重生动物（螺旋体）系统发育重建的新进展

Lophotrochozoa（也称为 Spiralia）是蜕皮动物的姊妹分类群，包括具有不同体型的动物分类群，例如分段环节动物、带壳的软体动物和腕足动物、群居苔藓动物、内寄生棘头动物和无囊动物扁形动物。众所周知，Lophotrochozoa 内的系统发育关系难以解决，导致它们经常被表示为多态。最近对系统基因组学、Hox 基因和化石的研究为这个困难群体的进化历史提供了新的见解。回顾了支持毛颚类包含在 gnathiferans 中的新证据、Orthonectida 和 Dicyemida 的系统发育位置，以及 lophotrochozoans 的一般系统发育。以前基于形态突触而建立的几个分类群（例如