The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the major destructive pests to stored milled products. It has developed resistance to chemical fumigants. Therefore, finding an eco-friendly biofumigant for the management of the pest is of great importance. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of essential oil from Cymbopogon flexuosus (lemongrass), Cymbopogon winterianus (citronella), and Cymbopogon martini (palmarosa) against T. castaneum and its chemical composition. GC–MS analysis was conducted and results showed that the essential oils of C. flexuosus, C. winterianus and C. martini are rich in citral, neral, cironellol, D-lemonene, geraniol and geranyl acetate respectively. The essential oils from C. flexuosus, C. winterianus and C. martini had a very strong repellent activity to adults of T. castaneum and were significantly repellent at 1.41 µL/cm². The essential oil of C. flexuosus had a high fumigant activity against adults of T. castaneum with LC₅₀ values of 27.1 and 4.23 µL/L after 24 and 48 h exposure. Furthermore, essential oils of C. winterianus had a high contact toxicity to T. castaneum with LD₅₀ values of 2.1 and 1.5 µg/L after 24 and 48 h exposure, followed by 2.5 and 1.6 µg/L of C. martini and 4.09 and 2.07 µg/L of C. flexuosus after 24 and 48 h exposure respectively. The results show that essential oils extracted from the Cymbopogon species are natural insecticides and can be used as an efficient management tool against T. castaneum.

中文翻译：

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ym草属植物精油对红粉甲虫Tribolium castaneum Herbst（鞘翅目：and科）的毒性，防护性和化学成分

红色面粉甲虫Tribolium castaneum Herbst（鞘翅目：Tenebrionidae）是储存研磨产品的主要破坏性害虫之一。它对化学熏蒸剂具有抵抗力。因此，寻找一种用于害虫控制的生态友好型生物熏蒸剂具有重要意义。本研究的主要目的是评价精油从杀虫效力曲序香茅（香茅），香茅winterianus（香茅），和香茅马提尼（玫瑰草）对赤拟谷盗，其化学成分。进行了GC-MS分析，结果表明，屈挠梭菌，冬季梭菌和马提尼梭菌精油分别富含柠檬醛，神经醛，赛诺洛尔，D-柠檬烯，香叶醇和乙酸香叶酯。来自屈挠梭菌，冬季梭菌和马提尼梭菌的精油对成年锥栗的成虫具有非常强的驱避活性，并且在1.41 µL / cm ^2时具有显着的驱避作用。屈挠梭菌精油对成年锥栗成虫具有较高的熏蒸活性，暴露24和48小时后LC ₅₀值为27.1和4.23 µL / L。此外，C。winterianus香精油对LD _50的锥栗木有很高的接触毒性。暴露24小时和48小时后分别为2.1和1.5 µg / L，然后分别是2.5和1.6μg/ L的马提尼杯和24.48μg/ L的4.09和2.07μg/ L弯曲杆菌。结果表明，从香柏属植物中提取的香精油是天然杀虫剂，可以作为一种有效的预防锥栗的管理工具。