Since its original inception, a great deal has been learned about the nature, properties, and applications of the H-bond. This review summarizes some of the unexpected paths that inquiry into this phenomenon has taken researchers. The transfer of the bridging proton from one molecule to another can occur not only in the ground electronic state, but also in various excited states. Study of the latter process has developed insights into the relationships between the nature of the state, the strength of the H-bond, and the height of the transfer barrier. The enormous broadening of the range of atoms that can act as both proton donor and acceptor has led to the concept of the CH···O HB, whose properties are of immense importance in biomolecular structure and function. The idea that the central bridging proton can be replaced by any of various electronegative atoms has fostered the rapidly growing exploration of related noncovalent bonds that include halogen, chalcogen, pnicogen, and tetrel bonds.

中文翻译：

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氢键：一百年和计数

自最初诞生以来，人们对氢键的性质、性质和应用有了大量了解。这篇综述总结了研究人员对这一现象进行调查所采取的一些意想不到的途径。桥连质子从一个分子到另一个分子的转移不仅可以在基电子态中发生，也可以在各种激发态中发生。对后一过程的研究已经深入了解了状态的性质、氢键的强度和转移势垒的高度之间的关系。可同时充当质子供体和受体的原子范围的极大拓宽导致了 CH···O HB 的概念，其性质在生物分子结构和功能中具有极其重要的特性。