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Rhizocorallites Müller, 1955 from the Triassic and Jurassic of Germany: burrow, coprolite, or cololite?
PalZ ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-16 , DOI: 10.1007/s12542-019-00506-6
Dirk Knaust

Rhizocorallites articularis Müller, 1955 are string-shaped sediment aggregates with a homogeneous fill and transverse segmentation, known from marginal-marine deposits of the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of the Germanic Basin. They preferably occur as winding and bent strings at the base of thin storm layers (tempestites). Originally interpreted as the dwellings of a tubiculous annelid or a backfilled burrow similar to Taenidium, a reinvestigation of the type and supplementary material reveals characteristics more conformable with an interpretation as the faecal string (i.e., coprolite) or intestine content (i.e., cololite) left by an epibenthic organism. Comparison with modern analogues suggests holothurians as potential producers of R. articularis. This is confirmed by one of the paratype specimens that, in addition to the segmented string-shaped aggregate, preserved other connecting organs interpreted as stomach, intestine, rectum, and cloaca of a decaying holothurian. Different taphonomic pathways of decaying sea cucumbers result in varying styles of preservation, reaching from conservation (obrution) by burial with sediment to reworking by currents and incorporation into event deposits. Comparable specimens from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) lithographic limestone of southern Germany are assigned to Rhizocorallites inaequalis isp. nov. and, due to their exceptional preservation partly within the carcasses of holothurians, confirm an origin as cololites. Several records of Rhizocorallites from different parts of the world indicate its wide distribution from the Upper Ordovician to the Upper Cretaceous.



中文翻译:

1955年来自德国的三叠纪和侏罗纪的流纹岩Müller:洞穴,共腐岩还是软硬岩?

人工关节根瘤菌Müller,1955年,是条状沉积物聚集体,具有均匀的填充和横向分段作用,从日耳曼盆地中三叠纪(阿尼西亚)的边缘海沉积物中获知。它们优选地以薄薄的风暴层(风暴岩)的底部缠绕和弯曲的弦线的形式出现。最初被解释为类似于Taenidium的管状小管虫或回填洞穴的住所,对该类型和补充材料的重新研究表明其特征更符合以下解释:粪便串(即coprolite)或肠内容物(即cololite)残留由表皮生物。与现代类似物的比较表明,全州人可能是关节状菌的潜在生产者。这是由一个准样本标本所证实的,除了分段的线状聚集体之外,还保留了其他连接器官,这些器官被解释为腐烂的千岁鱼的胃,肠,直肠和泄殖腔。腐烂的海参的不同的形态学途径导致了不同的保存方式,从通过埋入沉积物进行保存(阻塞)到通过水流返工并整合到事件沉积物中来实现。来自德国南部的上侏罗统(泰通石系)平版石灰岩的可比标本被分配给不等长根茎线虫。十一月 并且,由于它们的特殊保存,部分地在holothurians的尸体中,确认其起源为胶粒。根珊瑚石的几条记录 来自世界各地的资料表明其分布范围从上奥陶纪到上白垩纪。

更新日期:2019-12-16
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