Biological particles in heritage-related indoor environments (museums, libraries, archives) represent a hazard to artifacts (biodeteriogenic action), operators and visitors’ health. The aim of the study was to evaluate environmental biological contamination and microclimate conditions in different periods of the year in De Rossi room of the historical Palatina Library in Parma. Microclimatic measurements were recorded continuously for a period ranging from 11 to 17 days in: January–February, May and September 2017. Monitoring of bacterial and fungal contamination was performed for air by active and passive sampling and by nitrocellulose membranes on shelves and manuscripts. Microorganisms were isolated by in vitro culture (Tryptic Soy Agar and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar) and characterized by molecular investigation. Viable and non-viable fungal spores were collected by Hirst spore trap. Concerning air, the highest bacterial mean values were 76.67 cfu/m 3 (in May) and 3.33 IMA (in February, May and September), while for fungi 60.67 cfu/m 3 and 4.33 IMA in September. The highest fungal values, both on shelves and books, were recorded in September with Alternaria , Arthrinium , Aspergillus , Cladosporium and Penicillium spp. being the mainly isolated fungi. Air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity reached mean values ranging, respectively, from 14.71 to 26.60 °C, from 41.62 to 44.83% and from 0 to 0.04 m/s. This case study provides an assessment of the environmental quality over a long period, representing a reference model to better understanding microbiological contamination of cultural heritage environment toward the improvement of artwork conservation strategies and the safeguard of human health.

中文翻译：

---

保护文化遗产的生物和小气候监测：帕尔马帕拉蒂纳图书馆德罗西室的案例研究

与遗产相关的室内环境（博物馆、图书馆、档案馆）中的生物颗粒对文物（生物降解作用）、操作者和游客的健康构成危害。该研究的目的是评估帕尔马历史悠久的帕拉蒂纳图书馆德罗西室一年中不同时期的环境生物污染和小气候条件。2017 年 1 月至 2 月、5 月和 9 月连续记录了 11 至 17 天的小气候测量值。通过主动和被动采样以及架子和手稿上的硝酸纤维素膜对空气进行细菌和真菌污染监测。通过体外培养（胰蛋白酶大豆琼脂和 Sabouraud 葡萄糖琼脂）分离微生物并通过分子研究表征。活的和不活的真菌孢子通过 Hirst 孢子捕集器收集。空气方面，最高细菌平均值为 76.67 cfu/m 3 （5 月）和 3.33 IMA（2 月、5 月和 9 月），而真菌 9 月为 60.67 cfu/m 3 和 4.33 IMA。最高的真菌值，无论是在书架上还是在书本上，都记录在 9 月份的链格孢属、蒿属、曲霉属、枝孢属和青霉属。是主要的分离真菌。空气温度、相对湿度和空气速度分别达到平均值，范围分别为 14.71 至 26.60 °C、41.62 至 44.83% 和 0 至 0.04 m/s。本案例研究提供了对长期环境质量的评估，