Model-driven software development comes in different styles. While standard-based approaches leverage existing language standards (e.g., UML), tooling, and development processes, domain-specific modeling (DSM) requires languages and tool support to be created prior to the actual software development. The design, implementation, and testing of languages and tool support require a wide spectrum of methods and techniques which introduce complexity and new challenges. To tackle these DSM-specific challenges, best practices have been collected from various application domains and published in literature to guide the development and application of DSM solutions. It is the goal of this paper to identify studies reporting best practices on domain-specific modeling. Moreover, a systematic and comprehensive compilation of best practices should act as a starting point to identify literature that facilitates industrial adoption of DSM. To search for literature and classify identified studies, we conduct a systematic mapping study (SMS). Furthermore, we perform an in-depth analysis of the identified studies to answer how practices overlap, complement, or contradict each other. The systematic search resulted in 21 studies reporting 321 best practices. From these 321 practices, we compiled 192 unique best practices. We found that the DSM community created a substantial corpus of best practices for DSM. The large majority of practices (75%) are only reported once. The top best practices by number of reports contain only practices that are reported at least four times. However, the frequency of reports does not necessarily imply a high importance of practice, as the application of practices is always context specific.

中文翻译：

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特定领域建模最佳实践的系统映射研究

模型驱动的软件开发有不同的风格。虽然基于标准的方法利用现有的语言标准（例如，UML）、工具和开发过程，但特定领域建模 (DSM) 需要在实际软件开发之前创建语言和工具支持。语言和工具支持的设计、实现和测试需要广泛的方法和技术，这些方法和技术会带来复杂性和新挑战。为了应对这些 DSM 特定的挑战，我们从各个应用领域收集了最佳实践并在文献中发表，以指导 DSM 解决方案的开发和应用。本文的目标是确定报告特定领域建模最佳实践的研究。而且，系统和全面的最佳实践汇编应作为确定有助于工业采用 DSM 的文献的起点。为了搜索文献并对确定的研究进行分类，我们进行了系统映射研究 (SMS)。此外，我们对已确定的研究进行深入分析，以回答实践如何重叠、互补或相互矛盾。系统搜索导致 21 项研究报告了 321 项最佳实践。从这 321 个实践中，我们汇编了 192 个独特的最佳实践。我们发现 DSM 社区为 DSM 创建了大量的最佳实践。大多数做法 (75%) 只报告一次。按报告数量排名前列的最佳实践仅包含至少报告四次的实践。然而，