Riparian zones are more susceptible to invasions of alien plant species than other ecosystems. Plant invasion is determined by multiple interacting factors, such as the characteristics of the invasive plants, the climate, disturbance patterns, and competition with native plants. To investigate the multiple interactions of environmental factors with regard to the invasion of an alien plant species, we considered a range of factors, including the topography, accessibility (or anthropogenic disturbances), competition with aquatic plants, and land-use history in 115 waterfront parklands along the Nakdong River. The waterfront parks were constricted after a river restoration project from 2009 to 2012. The most common alien plants were Oenothera odorata, Erigeron annuus, and Coreopsis lanceolate in our study areas. Alien plant areas were negatively associated with aquatic plant areas, which indicated that dominant alien plants mainly occur in drier uplands in the area under study. Accessibility (or anthropogenic disturbances) to waterfront parklands had a positive effect on the proportion of alien plant species. We assumed that frequent human visits and disturbances may increase the potential for invasions of diverse alien species. In addition, historic agricultural areas were positively associated with an invasion of an alien plants species. Our results suggest that invasions of alien species to waterfront parklands depend on multiple factors, including the characteristics of the alien species, the degree of accessibility, the topography, and historical land-use patterns.

中文翻译：

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洛东江漫滩滨水公园环境变量与外来植物入侵之间的多元关联

与其他生态系统相比，河岸带更容易受到外来植物物种的入侵。植物入侵是由多种相互作用因素决定的，例如入侵植物的特性，气候，干扰模式以及与本土植物的竞争。为了调查与外来植物物种入侵有关的环境因素的多种相互作用，我们考虑了一系列因素，包括地形，可及性（或人为干扰），与水生植物的竞争以及115个滨水区的土地利用历史那空河沿岸的绿地。经过2009年至2012年的河流修复项目后，滨水公园被压缩。最常见的外来植物是月见草（Oenothera odorata），臭鼬（Erigeron annuus）和披针草（Coreopsis lanceolate）。在我们的研究领域。外来植物区与水生植物区呈负相关，这表明优势外来植物主要发生在研究区域的较干旱地区。滨水公园的可及性（或人为干扰）对外来植物物种的比例有积极影响。我们认为，人类的频繁拜访和干扰可能会增加各种外来物种入侵的可能性。此外，历史悠久的农业地区与外来植物物种的入侵有着积极的联系。我们的研究结果表明，外来物种入侵海滨公园取决于多种因素，包括外来物种的特征，可及程度，地形和历史土地利用方式。