Temmoku glazes are special and artistic glazes that are used in certain applications. Temmokus are either slip glazes made from ferruginous clay or feldspathic type glazes containing iron oxide. Glaze composition, clay body, application method, and firing regime are the most important factors for achieving these kinds of glazes. In this study, a new temmoku glaze composition was developed and applied on floor and porcelain tile bodies, respectively. Industrial fast firing processes were conducted at Altın Seramik Factory at 1185 °C. All of the glaze surfaces were smooth and glossy after industrial fast firing. Color of the glazes was black metallic with an oil spot effect. L*a*b* values were measured by a spectrophotometer. Final surfaces of the temmoku glazes were visualized by polarized optical microscope and characterized by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX). Generally, temmoku glazes displayed lower L* values on both floor tile and porcelain bodies. According to the compositional modifications, adjusting the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio was critical and the maximum Fe₂O₃ content should not exceed 5%. This study showed that various visual effects are related with different crystal morphology of quartz, magnetite, maghemite, and hematite and that the microstructure has an important effect on color and appearance of temmoku glazes.

中文翻译：

---

在1180°C的工业快速烧制条件下，天目釉的开发及其在不同瓷砖上的应用

Temmoku釉是在某些应用中使用的特殊艺术釉。Temmokus是由铁质粘土制成的滑釉或含有氧化铁的长石型釉。釉料的组成，黏土，涂覆方法和烧制方式是获得这类釉料的最重要因素。在这项研究中，开发了一种新的temmoku釉料成分，并将其分别应用于地板和瓷砖砖体。工业快速烧制过程是在1185°C的AltınSeramik工厂进行的。工业快速烧制后，所有的釉面均光滑且有光泽。釉的颜色是黑色金属，具有油斑效果。L * a * b *值通过分光光度计测量。通过偏振光学显微镜可视化天目釉的最终表面，并通过X射线衍射仪（XRD），扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散X射线（EDX）对其进行表征。通常，天目釉在地砖和瓷器上均显示出较低的L *值。根据成分修改，调整SiO₂ / Al ₂ O _3的比例至关重要，最大Fe ₂ O ₃含量不应超过5％。这项研究表明，各种视觉效果与石英，磁铁矿，磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿的不同晶体形态有关，并且微观结构对天目釉的颜色和外观具有重要影响。