This paper discusses the influence of light pollution of the night sky on the conditions of visibility of astronomical objects such as planets, stars and comets. This phenomenon has a huge impact on the observability of astronomical objects, especially in cities, where the brightness of the sky makes it difficult or even impossible to conduct astronomical observations. The main purpose of this article is to measure and analyse the surface brightness of the night sky in Rzeszów and its surroundings. A device called the Sky Quality Meter was used to measure the brightness of the night sky. This paper presents measurement results for the years 2015 and 2018, from which it is clear that the quality of the night sky has been deteriorated in terms of the observability of celestial bodies. As an example, the numerical value of the measurement for the centre of Rzeszów has been taken. In 2015, this value was $$18.70\pm 1.87$$18.70±1.87 mag/arcsec$$^{2}$$2, while in 2018, it was equal to $$16.73\pm 1.67$$16.73±1.67 mag/arcsec$$^{2}$$2. The results obtained were used to analyse the visibility of celestial bodies. Here, particular attention was paid to the analysis of the visibility of comets (also during the outburst), in the context of increasing light pollution of the night sky. Observers in neighboring villages have also experienced a change in the sky quality from Bortle Class V to Class VII, requiring objects to be approximately one magnitude brighter in order to be visible.

中文翻译：

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光污染对中欧中等城市天文物体能见度的影响以波兰热舒夫市为例

本文讨论了夜空的光污染对行星、恒星和彗星等天文物体的能见度条件的影响。这种现象对天文物体的可观测性产生了巨大影响，尤其是在城市中，天空的亮度使得进行天文观测变得困难甚至不可能。本文的主要目的是测量和分析热舒夫及其周边地区夜空的表面亮度。一种称为天空质量计的设备用于测量夜空的亮度。本文介绍了 2015 年和 2018 年的测量结果，从中可以明显看出夜空的质量在天体的可观测性方面有所恶化。举个例子，已采用热舒夫中心的测量数值。在 2015 年，这个值是 $$18.70\pm 1.87$$18.70±1.87 mag/arcsec$$$^{2}$$2，而在 2018 年，它等于 $$16.73\pm 1.67$$16.73±1.67$ mag/arcsec$^ {2}$$2。所得结果用于分析天体的能见度。在这里，在夜空光污染日益严重的情况下，特别注意了对彗星能见度的分析（也在爆发期间）。邻近村庄的观测者也经历了天空质量从 Bortle V 级变为 VII 级的变化，需要物体亮度大约增加一个数量级才能被看到。67 mag/arcsec$$^{2}$$2。所得结果用于分析天体的能见度。在这里，在夜空光污染日益严重的情况下，特别注意了对彗星能见度的分析（也在爆发期间）。邻近村庄的观测者也经历了天空质量从 Bortle V 级变为 VII 级的变化，需要物体亮度大约增加一个数量级才能被看到。67 mag/arcsec$$^{2}$$2。所得结果用于分析天体的能见度。在这里，在夜空光污染日益严重的情况下，特别注意了对彗星能见度的分析（也在爆发期间）。邻近村庄的观测者也经历了天空质量从 Bortle V 级变为 VII 级的变化，需要物体亮度大约增加一个数量级才能被看到。