This study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of ethanolic extracts from different parts of some Annona species (A. montana, A. muricata and A. sylvatica) against T. absoluta. In the initial screening, the ethanolic extracts from leaves and seeds of A. muricata promoted pronounced lethality and growth inhibition of T. absoluta larvae by means of residual contact and translaminar action. However, these extracts did not affect its biology, oviposition in choice and no-choice tests, as well as egg viability. Afterwards, the crude ethanolic extracts of leaves and seeds from A. muricata were submitted to liquid-liquid partitioning, and their respective fractions were evaluated against T. absoluta larvae. These procedures disclosed the hydroalcoholic fraction from A. muricata seeds and both the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions from its leaves as the most active against T. absoluta larvae. Then, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) experiments were performed aiming to identify the main constituents present in these fractions. The chemical analyses of each NMR spectrum revealed that A. muricata bioactive fractions presented acetogenins as major compounds. Moreover, a formulated ethanolic extract from A. muricata seeds presented similar bioactivity against T. absoluta larvae in both laboratory and greenhouse bioassays when compared with two commercial botanical insecticides (Anosom^TM 1 EC and Azaamax 1.2 EC). Therefore, the seeds from A. muricata, discarded during the process of its fruit pulp extraction, are a potential source of bioactive acetogenins to formulate botanical insecticides to control populations of T. absoluta in tomato crops, mainly in organic production systems.

中文翻译：

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Annona型生物杀虫剂在番茄切叶机上的生长抑制，残留接触和跨层毒性：实验室和温室评估

这项研究的目的是评估某些Annona物种（A. montana，A. muricata和A. sylvatica）不同部位的乙醇提取物对T. absoluta的生物活性。在最初的筛选，从叶和种子的乙醇提取物A.柃促进了显着的致死率和生长抑制T. absoluta幼虫由残余接触和椎板行动手段。但是，这些提取物并未影响其生物学，产卵选择和无选择试验以及卵的存活力。此后，叶粗乙醇提取物和种子来自A.柃将其进行液-液分配，并针对绝对黑麦草幼虫评估它们各自的级分。这些方法公开了来自A.muricata种子的水醇级分和来自其叶子的乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷级分，都是对绝对黑斑病菌幼虫最具活性的。然后，进行了质子核磁共振（¹ H NMR）实验，旨在鉴定出这些馏分中的主要成分。每个NMR光谱的化学分析表明，毛孢曲霉的生物活性馏分以产黄素为主要成分。此外，从A. muricata配制的乙醇提取物种子呈现的类似的生物活性对T. absoluta当与两种商业植物杀虫剂（Anosom相比在实验室和温室生物测定幼虫^TM  1 EC和Azaamax 1.2 EC）。因此，在其果肉提取过程中被丢弃的A. muricata种子是潜在的生物活性产乙酸素来源，可用于配制植物杀虫剂以控制番茄作物（主要在有机生产系统中）的绝对黑麦草的种群。