With the popularity of immersive media, developing usable tools for content development is important for the production process. In the context of 3D audio production, user interfaces for authoring and editing 3D audio trajectories enable content developers, composers, practitioners, and recording and mixing engineers to define how audio sources travel in time. However, common interaction techniques in 3D audio production tools can make the workflow of this task tedious and difficult to accomplish. This study investigates this problem by classifying the atomic tasks (spatially and temporally) of a general composite task of authoring 3D audio trajectories and then evaluating different interaction techniques across these tasks. Common graphical user interfaces were compared with input devices having varying degrees-of-freedom for spatial atomic tasks in order to investigate the effect of direct manipulation and integrality of interaction techniques. Continuous and discrete interaction techniques were compared for temporal tasks in order to investigate the effect of direct manipulation. Results suggest that interaction techniques with high degrees of integrality and direct manipulation reduce task completion time compared to standard GUI techniques. The design of temporal tasks can create a visual bias, and discrete-time controls can be a suitable method for traversing a small number of control points. These results and further observations provide directions on the study of interaction technique design for 3D audio tools, which in turn should improve workflows of 3D audio content creation.

中文翻译：

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3D音频轨迹创作的时空交互技术比较

随着沉浸式媒体的普及，开发用于内容开发的可用工具对于生产过程很重要。在3D音频制作的上下文中，用于创作和编辑3D音频轨迹的用户界面使内容开发人员，作曲家，从业人员以及录制和混音工程师能够定义音频源如何及时传播。但是，3D音频制作工具中的常用交互技术会使此任务的工作流程变得乏味且难以完成。本研究通过对创作3D音频轨迹的常规复合任务的原子任务（在空间和时间上）进行分类，然后评估这些任务之间的不同交互技术，来研究此问题。为了研究直接操纵和交互技术的完整性的效果，将常用的图形用户界面与具有不同自由度的输入设备进行了空间原子任务的比较。为了研究直接操作的效果，比较了连续和离散交互技术在时间任务上的作用。结果表明，与标准GUI技术相比，具有高度完整性和直接操纵的交互技术可减少任务完成时间。时间任务的设计会产生视觉偏差，离散时间控件可能是遍历少量控制点的合适方法。这些结果和进一步的观察为3D音频工具的交互技术设计研究提供了指导，