Crop uptake and neglecting to apply phosphate (P) fertilizer are important reasons for P deficit in the agro-ecosystem. Recycled manure from within the system was adopted to evaluate the effects of mineral fertilizer combined with or without manure on crop yield, P budget, and P use efficiency in a continuous 20-year field trial. The experiment contained eight treatments: no fertilizer, manure (M), N fertilizer (N), N fertilizer with manure (N + M), N and P fertilizers (NP), NP fertilizers with manure (NP + M), N, P, and K fertilizers (NPK), and NPK fertilizers with manure (NPK + M). The yield and P uptake of soybean and maize increased with the sequential supplement of N, P, and K fertilizers. Application of recycled manure not only increased the yield and P uptake of crops but also reduced the inter-annual fluctuations in soybean yield. Although application of mineral P fertilizer was the main method to preserve P budget surplus and increase soil available P, recycled manure could be a positive supplement. The proportion of residual fertilizer P converted to soil available P under NP, NP + M, NPK, and NPK + M treatments was 9%, 7%, 3%, and 8%, respectively over a 20-year period. Moreover, P use efficiency in NP and NPK treatments gradually increased first and then stabilized at around 20%, but the value was obviously lower than that from manure. The results clearly demonstrated that integrated application of mineral NPK fertilizers and recycled manure was a useful method to improve crop yield and soil P fertility.

中文翻译：

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在长期的田间试验中，回收肥料的矿物肥料可提高作物产量和磷平衡

作物吸收和忽视施用磷肥是农业生态系统中磷缺乏的重要原因。在连续20年的田间试验中，采用了系统内的可循环使用的肥料来评估结合或不施用肥料的矿物肥料对作物产量，磷预算和磷利用效率的影响。该实验包含八种处理方式：无肥料，肥料（M），氮肥（N），氮肥和肥料（N + M），氮磷肥（NP），氮磷肥和肥料（NP + M），氮，磷和钾肥（NPK），以及带肥料的氮磷钾肥（NPK + M）。大豆和玉米的产量和磷吸收量随着氮，磷和钾肥的连续添加而增加。施用再生肥料不仅增加了作物的产量和磷吸收量，而且减少了大豆产量的年际波动。尽管施用无机磷肥是保持磷预算盈余和增加土壤有效磷的主要方法，但回收肥料可以作为一种积极的补充。在NP，NP + M，NPK和NPK + M处理下，残留肥料P转化为土壤有效磷的比例在20年期间分别为9％，7％，3％和8％。此外，NP和NPK处理中磷的利用率先增加后稳定在20％左右，但明显低于粪肥。结果清楚地表明，将矿物氮磷钾肥料与可循环利用的肥料综合应用是提高作物产量和土壤磷肥力的有用方法。在NP，NP + M，NPK和NPK + M处理下，残留肥料P转化为土壤有效磷的比例在20年期间分别为9％，7％，3％和8％。此外，NP和NPK处理中磷的利用率先增加后稳定在20％左右，但明显低于粪肥。结果清楚地表明，将矿物氮磷钾肥料与可循环利用的肥料综合应用是提高作物产量和土壤磷肥力的有用方法。在NP，NP + M，NPK和NPK + M处理下，残留肥料P转化为土壤有效磷的比例在20年期间分别为9％，7％，3％和8％。而且，NP和NPK处理中磷的利用率先增加后稳定在20％左右，但明显低于粪肥。结果清楚地表明，将矿物氮磷钾肥料与可循环利用的肥料综合应用是提高作物产量和土壤磷肥力的有用方法。