Butterflies, especially the males, often come to dumping grounds to sip water. This behavior is called “puddling”. The aim of the present study was to identify the key substances marshaling eight species of Japanese Papilio butterfly to their puddling sites. We conducted behavioral field experiments and found that ammonia is one of these marshaling compounds. We examined the olfactory sensilla on the antennae of four Papilio species by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and the single-cell response recording method. We found sensilla responding to ammonia on the ventral surfaces of the antennae of male and female Papilio xuthus and male P. maackii, P. protenor, and P. memnon. We also identified sensilla responding to humidity on the dorsal surfaces of the antennae of male and female P. xuthus. As members of this genus are primarily herbivores, they do not normally approach natural sources of this compound, namely, decomposing urine and dead animal carcasses. However, there was evidence to indicate that water sources emitting ammonia attractant were also often sources of vital Na⁺ cation that is frequently deficient in the diets of herbivorous butterflies.

中文翻译：

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氨水作为日本凤蝶蝴蝶的混泥土编组物质

蝴蝶，特别是雄性蝴蝶，经常来垃圾场喝水。这种行为称为“混水”。本研究的目的是确定将八种日本凤蝶蝴蝶寄养到其混水地点的关键物质。我们进行了行为现场实验，发现氨是这些封送处理化合物之一。我们通过扫描电子显微镜，透射电子显微镜和单细胞反应记录方法检查了四种凤蝶种类的触角上的嗅觉感受器。我们发现感官对雄性和雌性Papilio xuthus和雄性P. maackii，P. protenor和P.门农。我们还确定了男性和女性假单胞菌触角背面的湿度对感官反应。由于该属的成员主要是草食动物，因此它们通常不接近该化合物的天然来源，即分解尿液和死动物尸体。但是，有证据表明，散发出氨气引诱剂的水也常常是重要的Na ⁺阳离子的来源，而Na ⁺阳离子通常在草食性蝴蝶的饮食中缺乏。