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Faint gray bands in Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes are formed by coding sequences of housekeeping genes
Chromosoma ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-09 , DOI: 10.1007/s00412-019-00728-2
Olga V Demakova 1 , Sergey A Demakov 1 , Lidiya V Boldyreva 1 , Tatyana Yu Zykova 1 , Victor G Levitsky 2, 3 , Valeriy F Semeshin 1 , Galina V Pokholkova 1 , Darya S Sidorenko 1 , Fedor P Goncharov 1 , Elena S Belyaeva 1 , Igor F Zhimulev 1, 2
Affiliation  

In Drosophila melanogaster, the chromatin of interphase polytene chromosomes appears as alternating decondensed interbands and dense black or thin gray bands. Recently, we uncovered four principle chromatin states (4НММ model) in the fruit fly, and these were matched to the structures observed in polytene chromosomes. Ruby/malachite chromatin states form black bands containing developmental genes, whereas aquamarine chromatin corresponds to interbands enriched with 5′ regions of ubiquitously expressed genes. Lazurite chromatin supposedly forms faint gray bands and encompasses the bodies of housekeeping genes. In this report, we test this idea using the X chromosome as the model and MSL1 as a protein marker of the lazurite chromatin. Our bioinformatic analysis indicates that in the X chromosome, it is only the lazurite chromatin that is simultaneously enriched for the proteins and histone marks associated with exons, transcription elongation, and dosage compensation. As a result of FISH and EM mapping of a dosage compensation complex subunit, MSL1, we for the first time provide direct evidence that lazurite chromatin forms faint gray bands. Our analysis proves that overall most of housekeeping genes typically span from the interbands (5′ region of the gene) to the gray band (gene body). More rarely, active lazurite chromatin and inactive malachite/ruby chromatin may be found within a common band, where both the housekeeping and the developmental genes reside together.

中文翻译:

黑腹果蝇多线染色体中的淡灰色条带是由看家基因的编码序列形成的

在 Drosophila melanogaster 中,间期多线染色体的染色质表现为交替的解聚带间和致密的黑色或细灰色带。最近,我们在果蝇中发现了四种主要的染色质状态(4НММ 模型),这些状态与在多线染色体中观察到的结构相匹配。红宝石/孔雀石染色质状态形成包含发育基因的黑色条带,而海蓝宝石染色质对应于富含无处不在表达基因的 5' 区域的带间带。据推测,天青石染色质形成微弱的灰色带,并包含管家基因的主体。在本报告中,我们使用 X 染色体作为模型和 MSL1 作为天青石染色质的蛋白质标记来测试这个想法。我们的生物信息学分析表明,在 X 染色体中,只有天青石染色质同时富含与外显子、转录延伸和剂量补偿相关的蛋白质和组蛋白标记。作为剂量补偿复合亚基 MSL1 的 FISH 和 EM 映射的结果,我们首次提供了天青石染色质形成微弱灰色带的直接证据。我们的分析证明,总体而言,大多数看家基因通常跨越带间(基因的 5' 区域)到灰色带(基因体)。更罕见的是,活跃的天青石染色质和不活跃的孔雀石/红宝石染色质可能会出现在一个共同的条带中,管家基因和发育基因都存在于其中。作为剂量补偿复合亚基 MSL1 的 FISH 和 EM 映射的结果,我们首次提供了天青石染色质形成微弱灰色带的直接证据。我们的分析证明,总体而言,大多数看家基因通常跨越带间(基因的 5' 区域)到灰色带(基因体)。更罕见的是,活跃的天青石染色质和不活跃的孔雀石/红宝石染色质可能会出现在一个共同的条带中,管家基因和发育基因都存在于其中。作为剂量补偿复合亚基 MSL1 的 FISH 和 EM 映射的结果,我们首次提供了天青石染色质形成微弱灰色带的直接证据。我们的分析证明,总体而言,大多数看家基因通常跨越带间(基因的 5' 区域)到灰色带(基因体)。更罕见的是,活跃的天青石染色质和不活跃的孔雀石/红宝石染色质可能会出现在一个共同的条带中,管家基因和发育基因都存在于其中。
更新日期:2019-12-09
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