The survey covers several topics related to the asymptotic structure of various combinatorial and analytic objects such as the path spaces in graded graphs (Bratteli diagrams), invariant measures with respect to countable groups, etc. The main subject is the asymptotic structure of filtrations and a new notion of standardness. All graded graphs and all filtrations of Borel or measure spaces can be divided into two classes: the standard ones, which have a regular behavior at infinity, and the other ones. Depending on this property, the list of invariant measures can either be well parameterized or have no good parametrization at all. One of the main results is a general standardness criterion for filtrations. We consider some old and new examples which illustrate the usefulness of this point of view and the breadth of its applications.

该调查涵盖了与各种组合和分析对象的渐近结构相关的几个主题，例如分级图（布拉泰利图）中的路径空间、可数群的不变测度等。主要主题是过滤的渐近结构和标准的新概念。所有分级图和 Borel 或测量空间的所有过滤都可以分为两类：标准类，在无穷远处具有规则行为，以及其他类。根据此属性，不变度量列表可以很好地参数化，也可以根本没有良好的参数化。主要成果之一是过滤的通用标准标准。我们考虑一些新旧例子，这些例子说明了这种观点的有用性及其应用的广度。