In 2016, we studied the occurrence of amphibians in 231 selected ponds in the city of Wrocław (Lower Silesia, Poland) and confirmed the occurrence of 10 species: Bombina bombina, Bufo bufo, Bufotes viridis, Hyla arborea, Pelobates fuscus, Pelophylax esculentus complex, Rana arvalis, Rana temporaria, Lissotriton vulgaris and Triturus cristatus. Among all studied sites, the most common were P. esculentus complex (146 occupied sites, 63.2%) and B. bufo (119, 51.5%), while the rarest was P. fuscus (8, 3.5%). The number of species at a single site varied from 0 (28 sites, 12.1%) to 9 (1 site, 0.4%). Frequency and mean amphibian species richness reached 87.9% and 2.7 ± 1.9, respectively. The composition of amphibian species did not change in comparison to previous studies conducted in the years 1997–2009, but declining trends in five species (B. bombina, B. viridis, H. arborea, P. esculentus complex, P. fuscus) were observed (28 compared sites). The results revealed that the permanency of ponds, their occurrence in the vicinity of river valleys, and a high ratio of watercourse length and green area around ponds are positively correlated and have a significant influence on amphibian species richness within the city. Thus, these identified factors should be considered in the course of sustainable urban planning in order to avoid potential conflicts between nature conservation and urban development.

中文翻译：

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城市环境中的两栖动物：来自欧洲中部城市的案例研究（波兰弗罗茨瓦夫）

2016年，我们研究了弗罗茨瓦夫（波兰下西里西亚）市231个选定池塘中两栖动物的发生，并确认了10种物种的发生：Bombina bombina，Bufo bufo，Bufotes viridis，Hyla arborea，Pelobates fuscus，Pelophylax esculentus复合体，林蛙arvalis，哈士，Lissotriton寻常和Triturus伯劳。在所有研究的地点中，最常见的是食肉腐菌（146个，占63.2％）和布氏芽孢杆菌（119，51.5％），而最稀有的是桑（8，3.5％）。一个地点的物种数量从0（28个地点，12.1％）到9（1个地点，0.4％）不等。两栖动物的丰富度和平均频率分别达到87.9％和2.7±1.9。与1997-2009年期间进行的研究相比，两栖动物种类的组成没有变化，但是五种物种（B. bombina，B。viridis，H。arborea，P。esculentus complex，P。fuscus）的趋势呈下降趋势。）（共28个比较地点）。结果表明，池塘的永久性，它们在河谷附近的发生，以及河道长度和池塘周围绿地比例高均呈正相关，并且对城市内的两栖动物物种丰富度具有显着影响。因此，在可持续的城市规划过程中应考虑这些已确定的因素，以避免自然保护与城市发展之间的潜在冲突。