Design is a process through which customer needs are transformed into product or service specifications, and then used to develop a model or prototype. The prototype is tested, and modifications are brought to it before the production process starts. Moreover, the design process may be divided into different stages, starting from the definition of the customer needs, going through the conceptual design phase and ending up with the detailed design. In this article, we address the conceptual design phase, where the customer needs are assumed to be known. The proposed approach considers, based on customer needs, primary and secondary design criteria. Each design criterion has a set of predetermined possible values (options) from which the designer may select. Making the best selection of all the design features while satisfying the customer needs in terms of cost, quality (customer preference) and environmental performance is a combinatorial problem and therefore a decision-making framework would be helpful for the designers. In this article, the design criteria are evaluated using fuzzy technique for order preference by similarities to ideal solution based on cost, quality and environmental sustainability. A multiobjective and a single-objective binary programming models are then developed and solved, and their optimal solutions are obtained. The multiobjective solutions provide the decision makers with the possible trade-offs, whereas the single-objective model solution can be used as a final decision-making tool. The proposed approach is implemented in a user-friendly software developed by the authors. A case study is conducted using a baby car seat for which three main and six secondary design criteria are considered. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the approach used.

中文翻译：

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环境可持续产品设计的决策框架

设计是将客户需求转化为产品或服务规范，然后用于开发模型或原型的过程。原型经过测试，并在生产过程开始之前对其进行修改。此外，设计过程可以分为不同的阶段，从定义客户需求开始，经过概念设计阶段，最后是详细设计。在本文中，我们将讨论概念设计阶段，在此阶段假设客户需求是已知的。建议的方法根据客户需求考虑主要和次要设计标准。每个设计标准都有一组预定的可能值（选项），设计者可以从中进行选择。在满足客户在成本、质量（客户偏好）和环境性能方面的需求的同时，对所有设计特征进行最佳选择是一个组合问题，因此决策框架将对设计人员有所帮助。在本文中，设计标准使用模糊技术通过与基于成本、质量和环境可持续性的理想解决方案的相似性来评估订单偏好。然后开发和求解多目标和单目标二元规划模型，并获得它们的最优解。多目标解决方案为决策者提供了可能的权衡，而单目标模型解决方案可用作最终决策工具。所提出的方法是在作者开发的用户友好软件中实现的。使用婴儿汽车座椅进行案例研究，其中考虑了三个主要设计标准和六个次要设计标准。所得结果表明所用方法的有效性。