This research analyzes the psychological reactions of participants to the neutral, positive, or negative attitudes of a virtual audience recorded in 360°-video. Participants were asked to deliver three speeches, each accompanied by a different type of reaction from the virtual audience. Measures of user state included questionnaires, psychophysiological measures, and voice recordings. The results showed that, compared to the neutral audience, the negative audience elicited increases in skin conductance level and heart rate variability, decreases in voice intensity, and a higher ratio of silent parts in the speech, as well as a more negative self-reported valence, higher anxiety, and lower social presence. These findings evidence that, even if some attributes that are considered to be central to immersive experiences are lacking, (i.e., interactivity or avatar representation of the user), 360°-video recreations of virtual environments lead to realistic reactions on users. These results support the effectiveness of 360°-video virtual audiences for public speaking training and social anxiety treatment.

中文翻译：

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用户对360°立体视频中虚拟观众的明显态度的心理生理，声音和自我报告反应

这项研究分析了参与者对360°视频中记录的虚拟观众的中立，积极或消极态度的心理反应。要求参与者发表三场演讲，每场演讲都伴随着虚拟听众的不同反应。用户状态的度量包括问卷，心理生理度量和语音记录。结果表明，与中性听众相比，消极听众引起皮肤电导水平和心率变异性增加，语音强度降低，语音中无声部分的比例更高，并且自我报告的消极情绪更高。价，更高的焦虑感和更低的社会地位。这些发现证明，即使缺乏一些被认为是沉浸式体验的核心属性，（即，互动性或用户的头像表示），虚拟环境的360°视频娱乐可对用户产生逼真的反应。这些结果支持了360°视频虚拟观众在公众演讲培训和社交焦虑症治疗方面的有效性。