Abstract Novel hosts lacking a coevolutionary history with herbivores can often support improved larval performance over historic hosts; e.g., emerald ash borer [Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire) Coleoptera: Buprestidae] on North American ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees. Whether trees are novel or ancestral, stress on plants increases emerald ash borer preference and performance. White fringetree [Chionanthus virginicus (L.) Lamiales: Oleaceae] and olive [Olea europaea (L.) Lamiales: Oleaceae] are closely related non-ash hosts that support development of emerald ash borer to adulthood, but their relative suitability as hosts and the impact of plant stress on larval success has not been well studied. In a series of experiments, survival and growth of emerald ash borer larvae on these novel hosts were examined along with the impact of stress. In the first experiment, larvae grew more slowly in cut stems of olive than in green ash [Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Marshall) Lamiales: Oleaceae] and several adults successfully emerged from larger olive stems. In two experiments on young potted olive with photosynthesizing bark, larvae died within a week, but mechanical girdling increased the rate of gallery establishment. The final two experiments on field-grown fringetrees found increased larval survivorship and growth in previously emerald ash borer attacked and mechanically girdled plants than in healthy stems or stems treated with the defense hormone, methyl jasmonate. Our results demonstrate that these non-ash hosts are less suitable for emerald ash borer than preferred ash hosts, but previous emerald ash borer attack or girdling led to better survival and growth demonstrating the importance of stress for larval success. In potted olive, high mortality could be due to higher loads of toxic compounds or the presence of chlorophyllous tissue.

中文翻译：

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一种主要森林害虫的幼虫对新寄主的表现和应激源的影响

摘要 缺乏与食草动物共同进化历史的新宿主通常可以支持比历史宿主更好的幼虫性能；例如，北美灰 (Fraxinus spp.) 树上的翡翠灰螟 [Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire) Coleoptera: Buprestidae]。无论树木是新的还是祖先的，对植物的压力都会增加翡翠灰蛀虫的偏好和性能。白穗树 [Chionanthus virginicus (L.) Lamiales: Oleaceae] 和橄榄 [Olea europaea (L.) Lamiales: Oleaceae] 是密切相关的非灰寄主，支持翡翠灰蛀虫发展到成年，但它们相对适合作为寄主和植物压力对幼虫成功的影响尚未得到很好的研究。在一系列实验中，研究了翡翠灰螟幼虫在这些新宿主上的存活和生长以及压力的影响。在第一个实验中，幼虫在橄榄的切茎中比在绿灰 [Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Marshall) Lamiales: Oleaceae] 中生长得更慢，并且几个成虫成功地从较大的橄榄茎中长出来。在对具有光合作用树皮的年轻盆栽橄榄进行的两次实验中，幼虫在一周内死亡，但机械环剥增加了画廊建立率。在田间种植的流苏树上进行的最后两个实验发现，与使用防御激素茉莉酸甲酯处理的健康茎或茎相比，先前受到翡翠灰螟攻击和机械环抱的植物的幼虫存活率和生长增加。我们的结果表明，这些非灰寄主比首选灰寄主更不适合祖母绿灰蛀虫，但是之前的翡翠灰螟攻击或环切导致了更好的存活和生长，这证明了压力对幼虫成功的重要性。在盆栽橄榄中，高死亡率可能是由于有毒化合物的含量较高或存在叶绿素组织。