Molecular imaging (MI) is a novel imaging discipline that has been continuously developed in recent years. It combines biochemistry, multimodal imaging, biomathematics, bioinformatics, cell & molecular physiology, biophysics, and pharmacology, and it provides a new technology platform for the early diagnosis and quantitative analysis of diseases, treatment monitoring and evaluation, and the development of comprehensive physiology. Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (FMT) is a type of optical imaging modality in MI that captures the three-dimensional distribution of fluorescence within a biological tissue generated by a specific molecule of fluorescent material within a biological tissue. Compared with other optical molecular imaging methods, FMT has the characteristics of high sensitivity, low cost, and safety and reliability. It has become the research frontier and research hotspot of optical molecular imaging technology. This paper took an overview of the recent methodology advances in FMT, mainly focused on the photon propagation model of FMT based on the radiative transfer equation (RTE), and the reconstruction problem solution consist of forward problem and inverse problem. We introduce the detailed technologies utilized in reconstruction of FMT. Finally, the challenges in FMT were discussed. This survey aims at summarizing current research hotspots in methodology of FMT, from which future research may benefit.

中文翻译：

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荧光分子层析成像的最新方法学进展

分子成像（MI）是近年来不断发展的一种新颖的成像学科。它结合了生物化学，多模式成像，生物数学，生物信息学，细胞与分子生理学，生物物理学和药理学，为疾病的早期诊断和定量分析，治疗监测与评估以及综合生理学的发展提供了新的技术平台。荧光分子断层扫描（FMT）是MI中的一种光学成像模式，可捕获生物组织内特定分子的荧光材料分子所产生的生物组织内荧光的三维分布。与其他光学分子成像方法相比，FMT具有灵敏度高，成本低，安全可靠的特点。它已经成为光学分子成像技术的研究前沿和研究热点。本文概述了FMT的最新方法学进展，主要集中在基于辐射传递方程（RTE）的FMT的光子传播模型上，重构问题的解决方案包括正问题和反问题。我们介绍在FMT重建中使用的详细技术。最后，讨论了FMT中的挑战。这项调查旨在总结FMT方法论中的当前研究热点，未来的研究可能会从中受益。重构问题的解决方案包括正问题和反问题。我们介绍在FMT重建中使用的详细技术。最后，讨论了FMT中的挑战。这项调查旨在总结FMT方法论中的当前研究热点，未来的研究可能会从中受益。重构问题的解决方案包括正问题和反问题。我们介绍在FMT重建中使用的详细技术。最后，讨论了FMT中的挑战。这项调查旨在总结FMT方法论中的当前研究热点，未来的研究可能会从中受益。