The unopened buds of the fruit of Harungana madagascariensis is used in the treatment of anaemia and skin diseases in traditional medicine. Hence, this study aims to scientifically evaluate the effects of oral administration of the fruit extract of Harungana madagascariensis on haematological, biochemical and histological parameters in Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening of the ethanol fruit extract of H. madagascariensis was carried out. Acute toxicity test was done using Lorke’s method. Sub-acute toxicity studies were done using 24 rats of both sexes which were randomized into four groups of six rats each. Animals in groups A, B, C were administered with the extract at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively while group D animals were given distilled water (5 mg/kg) and served as the control group. All administrations were done through the oral route for 30 consecutive days. Body weights of the animals were taken weekly during the study. The animals were sacrificed under diethyl ether anaesthesia and blood samples collected for evaluation of haematological (red blood cell, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and white blood cell) and biochemical (alanine transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol and total protein) parameters. Histological examination was conducted on the liver and kidney of the animals. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroidal nucleus, saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and tannins. Acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 was greater than 5000 mg/kg. There was no statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in the RBC, HB, PCV and WBC of the extract treated groups when compared to the control group. There was however, a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in the creatinine level of the 500 mg/kg extract –treated group and the control. There was no statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in other biochemical parameters of the extract treated groups and the control group except for a marginal increase in the total protein in the group treated with 1000 mg/kg of the extract (60 g/L) compared with control (54.80 g/L). Histopathological examination showed alterations in the morphology of the liver and kidney in extract treated groups as compared to the control groups. The findings have revealed that the ethanol fruit extract of H. madagascariensis should be used with caution especially during prolonged usage as the histology showed it has nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potentials. Further studies will be done to establish the effects of the extract on white blood cells.

中文翻译：

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猕猴桃果实对Wistar大鼠的毒理学意义

马达加斯加（Harungana madagascariensis）果实的未开芽在传统医学中用于治疗贫血和皮肤疾病。因此，本研究旨在科学评估口服猕猴桃果实提取物对Wistar大鼠血液学，生化和组织学参数的影响。进行了马达加斯加拟南芥乙醇果实提取物的植物化学筛选。急性毒性试验采用Lorke方法进行。亚急性毒性研究是使用24只性别不限的大鼠进行的，将其随机分为四组，每组六只。A，B，C组的动物分别以250、500和1000 mg / kg的剂量给予提取物，而D组的动物则给予蒸馏水（5 mg / kg）作为对照组。所有给药均连续30天通过口服途径进行。在研究期间每周采集动物的体重。在乙醚麻醉下处死动物，收集血样以评估血液学（红细胞，血红蛋白，堆积细胞量和白细胞）和生化（丙氨酸转移酶，丙氨酸氨基转移酶，碱性磷酸酶，尿素，肌酐，总胆固醇和总蛋白质）参数。对动物的肝脏和肾脏进行组织学检查。提取物的初步植物化学筛选显示存在生物碱，蒽醌，甾体核，皂角苷，碳水化合物，类黄酮和单宁酸。急性毒性试验表明，LD50大于5000 mg / kg。没有统计学意义（P <0。05）与对照组相比，提取物处理组的RBC，HB，PCV和WBC的差异。但是，500 mg / kg提取物治疗组和对照组的肌酐水平差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。提取物处理组和对照组的其他生化参数没有统计学差异（P <0.05），除了用1000 mg / kg提取物（60 g / L）处理的组中总蛋白质的少量增加外）与对照（54.80 g / L）进行比较。组织病理学检查显示，与对照组相比，提取物处理组的肝脏和肾脏形态发生了变化。研究结果表明，H的乙醇果实提取物。madagascariensis应该谨慎使用，尤其是在长时间使用时，因为组织学表明它具有肾毒性和肝毒性潜力。将进行进一步的研究以确定提取物对白细胞的作用。