As robots are generally thought to perform human-like tasks, they depend on the successes of information technology in the area of artificial intelligence to succeed in such pursuits. But robots, through their anthropomorphic character and their weighty presence in science fiction, attract the attention of the press and the media in a way that, at times, blurs the distinction between the actual state of the art and exaggerated claims. This makes it hard to assess the true functional positioning of robots, how this is likely to move forward and whether the outcome of progress could be detrimental to human society. The aim of this paper is to review the actual level of competence that is being achieved in robotics research laboratories and a plausible impact that this is likely to have on human control over life and jobs. The key thesis here is that cognition in machines and even an artificial form of consciousness lead to operations in a set of tasks (the ‘algorithmic’ category) which is different from that available to truly cognitive and conscious human beings (the ‘life-need’ category): that is, in the paper it is argued that a major category error (Ryle in The concept of mind, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1949) looms in predictions of serious threats to humanity. As far as a threat to jobs goes, it is argued that early attention to education and re-skilling of humans in the workplace can lead to an effective symbiosis between people and robots.

中文翻译：

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人类的伙伴：在可预见的未来对机器人作用的现实评估

由于机器人通常被认为执行类似人类的任务，因此它们依赖于人工智能领域信息技术的成功才能在此类任务中取得成功。但机器人通过其拟人化的特征和在科幻小说中的重要存在，以某种方式吸引了媒体和媒体的注意力，有时会模糊实际技术状态与夸大声明之间的区别。这使得很难评估机器人的真正功能定位、它可能如何向前发展以及进步的结果是否可能对人类社会有害。本文的目的是回顾机器人研究实验室正在实现的实际能力水平，以及这可能对人类对生活和工作的控制产生的合理影响。这里的关键论点是，机器中的认知，甚至一种人工意识形式导致一系列任务（“算法”类别）中的操作，这与真正有认知和有意识的人类（“生命需求”）不同。 '类别）：也就是说，在论文中，它认为一个主要的类别错误（Ryle in The concept of mind, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1949）在对人类严重威胁的预测中隐约可见。就对工作的威胁而言，有人认为，及早关注工作场所人类的教育和技能再培训可以导致人与机器人之间的有效共生。