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External body temperature and vigilance to a lesser extent track variation in predation risk in domestic fowls
BMC Zoology ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-12 , DOI: 10.1186/s40850-019-0039-8
Guy Beauchamp

The animal ecology literature proposes the view that predation risk induces fear in prey animals, but it is also possible that behavioral and physiological changes induced by predation risk are not associated with fear at all. If we view fear as a state indicated by measurable changes in behavior and physiology caused by threats, then it is valid to search for a link between markers of fearfulness and predation risk. I predicted that domestic fowls (Gallus gallus domesticus) foraging alone, and thus exposed to higher predation risk, would show higher vigilance (a behavioral marker of fearfulness) and lower external body temperature (a physiological marker of fearfulness) than domestic fowls foraging in pairs. These adjustments should become less prominent in the continued absence of threats during a trial. Domestic fowls that foraged alone rather than in pairs showed higher vigilance and lower external body temperature. While external body temperature returned to baseline values during a trial, vigilance unexpectedly increased. The results thus provide mixed support for an association between markers of fearfulness and predation risk. I argue that vigilance is not always a sensitive marker of fearfulness because hunger can keep vigilance low even in risky settings. By contrast, external body temperature varied with group size and time during a trial, suggesting that this marker is more sensitive. Future studies are needed to validate the relationship between markers of fearfulness and predation risk.

中文翻译:

外界温度和警惕性在较小程度上追踪了家禽捕食风险的变化

动物生态学文献提出了这样一种观点,即捕食风险会引起猎物动物恐惧,但由捕食风险引起的行为和生理变化也可能根本与恐惧无关。如果我们将恐惧视为威胁引起的行为和生理学可测量变化所指示的状态,那么在恐惧和掠夺风险标记之间寻找联系是有效的。我预测单独觅食的家禽(加勒斯家蝇)比成对觅食的家禽会表现出更高的警觉性(恐惧的行为标记)和更低的体外温度(恐惧的生理标记)。 。在审判期间持续没有威胁的情况下,这些调整应变得不那么突出。单独觅食而不是成对觅食的家禽表现出更高的警惕性和更低的体外温度。在试验过程中,尽管体外温度恢复到基准值,但警惕性出乎意料地增加了。因此,结果为恐惧和掠夺风险标记之间的关联提供了混合支持。我认为,警惕并不总是恐惧的敏感标志,因为即使在危险的环境中,饥饿也可以使警惕性降低。相比之下,在试验过程中,体外温度随组的大小和时间而变化,表明该标记更为敏感。需要进行进一步的研究以验证恐惧标记与掠食风险之间的关系。警惕性意外增加。因此,结果为恐惧和掠夺风险标记之间的关联提供了混合支持。我认为,警惕并不总是恐惧的敏感标志,因为即使在危险的环境中,饥饿也可以使警惕性降低。相比之下,在试验过程中,体外温度随组的大小和时间而变化,表明该标记更为敏感。需要进行进一步的研究以验证恐惧标记与掠食风险之间的关系。警惕性意外增加。因此,结果为恐惧和掠夺风险标记之间的关联提供了混合支持。我认为,警惕并不总是恐惧的敏感标志,因为即使在危险的环境中,饥饿也可以使警惕性降低。相比之下,在试验过程中,体外温度随组的大小和时间而变化,表明该标记更为敏感。需要进行进一步的研究以验证恐惧标记与掠食风险之间的关系。在试验过程中,外部体温随组的大小和时间的变化而变化,表明该标记更敏感。需要进行进一步的研究以验证恐惧标记与掠食风险之间的关系。在试验过程中,外部体温随组的大小和时间的变化而变化,表明该标记更敏感。需要进行进一步的研究以验证恐惧标记与掠食风险之间的关系。
更新日期:2019-03-12
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