Temperature is one of the most important elements of climate, which undergoes temporal and spatial changes under the influence of local and external factors. These changes can cover micro and macroclimate areas as well as short to long-term periods. Therefore, in the present study, the spatial patterns of temperature change in Iran over the past half-century are discussed. To this end, average annual temperature of 383 synoptic stations in Iran during 50 years (1961–2010) were collected from Iran Meteorological Organization. Linear regression and local Moran’s I were used to analyze the trend of changes and the spatial patterns respectively. The results of intra-decade changes in temperature showed that the average temperature of Iran has increased significantly in recent decades, and have experienced less significant daily fluctuations at the same time. Results obtained from analysis of intra-decade temperature change trend showed that temperature has dramatically increased as a result of rises in mean temperature levels in recent decades, such that in the fourth (1991 to 2000) and fifth decade (2001 to 2010) the temperature variation trend has increased by 0.17 and 0.1 respectively, while the temperature of Iran in the first and third decade has declined by −0.03. The results obtained from analysis of spatial pattern of intra-decade temperature variation showed that spatial temperature pattern in Iran is mostly influenced by local factors such as latitudes variations. Generally, with increasing latitude in Iran, the temperature decreases. The temperature in the mountainous areas (negative spatial autocorrelation), southern parts, and areas around Persian Gulf, follow a high spatial pattern (positive spatial autocorrelation) due to lower latitudes and special condition of greenhouse gas emission. However, in recent decades, the positive spatial pattern zones have increased significantly as a result of upward temperature trends.

中文翻译：

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评估伊朗的温度空间分布和时间趋势

温度是最重要的气候要素之一，温度在当地和外部因素的影响下会发生时空变化。这些变化可以涵盖微观和宏观气候区域以及短期到长期。因此，在本研究中，讨论了过去半个世纪伊朗的温度变化的空间格局。为此，从伊朗气象组织收集了过去50年（1961-2010年）伊朗383个天气观测站的年平均温度。线性回归和局部Moran's I分别用于分析变化趋势和空间格局。十年内温度变化的结果表明，最近几十年来，伊朗的平均温度显着提高，并且同时经历了较小的每日波动。通过分析十年内温度变化趋势获得的结果表明，由于近几十年来平均温度水平的升高，温度急剧上升，因此在第四（1991年至2000年）和第五个十年（2001年至2010年）温度变化趋势分别增加了0.17和0.1，而伊朗在第一个和第三个十年的温度下降了-0.03。通过分析十年内温度变化的空间格局获得的结果表明，伊朗的空间温度格局主要受纬度变化等局部因素的影响。通常，随着伊朗纬度的增加，温度会降低。山区的温度（负空间自相关），由于较低的纬度和温室气体排放的特殊条件，南部地区以及波斯湾周围的地区遵循高空间格局（正空间自相关）。然而，近几十年来，由于温度上升趋势，正空间图案区域已显着增加。