Cold forming is a process which is largely employed in industry. Thisprocess may have impacts on mechanical properties and surface integrity. This paper presents a study on Surface Integrity (SI) within the context of cold extruded billets with two different materials, steel and aluminium alloys. Different lubricant oils were used in this study, and heat treatment was employed after cold processing. Typical surface alterations such as micro-hardness and roughness were analysed, and a FEM analysis was used to predict the areas with increasing hardness. An analysis of test variance (ANOVA) was conducted, aiming to determine the influence factors of the experiments. Thus, influence factors like oil performance and extrusion load were investigated. The performance and influence of oils on cold extrusion processing for different materials were analysed. Due to the effects of lubricants on surface integrity in terms of hardness and roughness, a comparison was given with projections forsubstituting mineral oils for vegetable oils without losing functional performance.

中文翻译：

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冷挤压金属表面完整性的热处理和润滑分析

冷成型是工业上广泛使用的过程。此过程可能会影响机械性能和表面完整性。本文介绍了在钢和铝合金两种不同材料的冷挤压坯料中进行表面完整性（SI）的研究。在这项研究中使用了不同的润滑油，并且在冷加工之后进行了热处理。分析了典型的表面变化，例如显微硬度和粗糙度，并使用有限元分析法预测了硬度增加的区域。进行了测试方差分析（ANOVA），旨在确定实验的影响因素。因此，研究了诸如油性能和挤出负荷的影响因素。分析了油的性能和对不同材料冷挤压加工的影响。