The results of palynological studies on the late Miocene freshwater deposits of the Tundzha Basin (Southeast Bulgaria, SE Europe) are presented. The basin is relatively well known in terms of geology and palaeogeography. The age of sediments in the Tundzha Basin ranges between the late Miocene to the Pliocene, based on mammal and diatom fossils. We carried out a palynological analysis of clayey sediments interlayered with coal beds from four cores and from one outcrop, aiming to obtain information about the composition and the structure of fossil vegetation. The ratios between the main floristic elements and the composition of the fossil flora are analysed and discussed from a palaeoecological point of view. Several main vegetation palaeocommunities were recorded: swamp forests, mixed mesophytic, communities of aquatic plants, and herbaceous palaeocoenoses. The changes in vegetation and in plant diversity are identified. The palaeoclimate analysis indicates a warm temperature climate with high rainfall and mild winter temperatures, without seasonal drier conditions. The early Pontian climate was about 3–4 °C warmer than today, with rainfalls per year at least 300 mm higher than today. The results of palaeoecological analysis of the flora and of the quantitative palaeoclimate data show that the climate in the Southeast Bulgaria indicates a climate change towards slight cooling and some drying. This event is consistent with the period of accumulation of the upper, undivided part of the Elhovo Formation.

中文翻译：

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保加利亚东南部过去的气候和植被——一项基于中新世晚期 Tundzha 盆地花粉记录的研究

介绍了 Tundzha 盆地（保加利亚东南部、欧洲东南部）晚中新世淡水沉积物的孢粉学研究结果。该盆地在地质和古地理方面相对知名。根据哺乳动物和硅藻化石，通德扎盆地沉积物的年龄介于中新世晚期至上新世之间。我们对夹在四个岩心和一个露头的煤层中的粘土沉积物进行孢粉学分析，旨在获得有关化石植被的组成和结构的信息。从古生态学的角度分析和讨论了主要植物区系元素与化石植物群组成之间的比例。记录了几个主要的植被古群落：沼泽森林、混合中生植物、水生植物群落、和草本古植物群落。确定了植被和植物多样性的变化。古气候分析表明气候温暖，降雨量大，冬季温度温和，没有季节性干燥条件。早期的笨珍气候比今天高约 3-4°C，每年的降雨量至少比今天高 300 毫米。植物群的古生态分析和古气候定量数据的结果表明，保加利亚东南部的气候表明气候变化趋向于轻微降温和一些干燥。该事件与 Elhovo 组上部未分割部分的堆积时期一致。古气候分析表明气候温暖，降雨量大，冬季温度温和，没有季节性干燥条件。早期的笨珍气候比今天高约 3-4°C，每年的降雨量至少比今天高 300 毫米。植物群的古生态分析和古气候定量数据的结果表明，保加利亚东南部的气候表明气候变化趋向于轻微降温和一些干燥。该事件与 Elhovo 组上部未分割部分的堆积时期一致。古气候分析表明气候温暖，降雨量大，冬季温度温和，没有季节性干燥条件。早期的笨珍气候比今天高约 3-4°C，每年的降雨量至少比今天高 300 毫米。植物群的古生态分析和古气候定量数据的结果表明，保加利亚东南部的气候表明气候变化趋向于轻微降温和一些干燥。该事件与 Elhovo 组上部未分割部分的堆积时期一致。植物群的古生态分析和古气候定量数据的结果表明，保加利亚东南部的气候表明气候变化趋向于轻微降温和一些干燥。该事件与 Elhovo 组上部未分割部分的堆积时期一致。植物群的古生态分析和古气候定量数据的结果表明，保加利亚东南部的气候表明气候变化趋向于轻微降温和一些干燥。该事件与 Elhovo 组上部未分割部分的堆积时期一致。