Flowering is a complicated developmental process of physiological and morphological stages under the control of a number of external signals and internal factors. Floral malformation occurring during flower development stage is serious constraint having crippling effect on mango flowering and production leading to heavy economic losses. In mango there is lack of information about the gene expression profile during flower development. We therefore performed transcriptome analysis of Mangifera indica cultivar Amrapalli, by isolating total RNA from different stages of bud development in healthy and malformed tissues. The next generation sequencing were performed using 2 × 150 PE chemistry on the Illumina NextSeq platform resulting in 20.31, 20.77, 20.32, 27.92 and 18.59 million PE reads in MB-1, MB-2, MB-3, HB-1 and HB-2 stages respectively. Higher differential expressions copy numbers of seven flowering genes (MYB30, TPL, bHLH, FTIP1, CDKC2, CPK33, and ATH1) were observed in both the healthybud and panicle development stages as compared to malformed bud development stages. Among the other differentially expressed pattern of flowering genes in six possible combinations, the highly upregulated genes are UBP12, EFS, AGL8, AGL14, AGL20, AGL24, KIN10, MYB30, SUS2, FTIP1, CCT and LDL2 and down regulated genes were like TIL1, TIC, DCL3, GA₂₀OX3, CCT, AP1, AGL6, AGL8, MYB30, AGL8, GCT and GA₃OX1. The data set provides information on transcripts putatively associated with embryonic flower, earlier flowering, flowering time control, terminal flower and mads-box protein in healthy and malformed tissues. Out of the observed differentially expressed genes, the transcript profiles of GA₂₀OX3, AGL24 and LDL2, the key genes regulating floral transition and differentiation, were validated through qRT-PCR. Our study provides a resource for exploring the complex molecular mechanisms in flower development and malformations in mango.

中文翻译：

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芒果（Mangifera indica L.）开花基因的转录组分析与花卉畸形的关系

开花是在许多外部信号和内部因素的控制下，生理和形态阶段复杂的发育过程。在花卉发育阶段发生的花卉畸形是严重的制约因素，对芒果的开花和生产造成严重影响，导致严重的经济损失。在芒果中，缺乏有关花朵发育过程中基因表达谱的信息。因此，我们进行了印度芒果的转录组分析品种Arappalli，通过分离健康和畸形组织中芽发育不同阶段的总RNA。在Illumina NextSeq平台上使用2×150 PE化学方法进行下一代测序，结果在MB-1，MB-2，MB-3，HB-1和HB-中获得20.31、20.77、20.32、27.92和1859万PE读数分别为2个阶段。与畸形的芽发育阶段相比，在健康芽和穗发育阶段均观察到七个开花基因（MYB30，TPL，bHLH，FTIP1，CDKC2，CPK33和ATH1）的更高差异表达拷贝数。在六种可能的组合中的开花基因的其他差异表达模式中，高度上调的基因是UBP12，EFS，AGL8，AGL14，AGL20，AGL24，KIN10，MYB30，SUS2，FTIP1，CCT和LDL2，而下调的基因类似于TIL1， TIC，DCL3，GA₂₀ OX3，CCT，AP1，AGL6，AGL8，MYB30，AGL8，GCT和GA ₃ OX1。该数据集提供有关健康和畸形组织中与胚花，较早开花，开花时间控制，顶生花和mads-box蛋白相关的转录本的信息。出所观察到的差异表达的基因，的转录概况GA ₂₀ OX3，AGL24和LDL2，调节花转变和分化的关键基因，是通过定量RT-PCR验证。我们的研究为探索芒果花发育和畸形的复杂分子机制提供了资源。