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Factors Influencing Sun Basking in Red Wood Ants (Formica polyctena): a Field Experiment on Clustering and Phototaxis
Journal of Insect Behavior ( IF 1.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s10905-019-09713-0
Š. Kadochová , J. Frouz , A. Tószögyová

We monitored nest interior and surface temperatures together with two aspects of the sun-basking behavior of wood ants: aggregation (by regular monitoring of occurrence and density of clusters) and phototaxis (tendency to move from shade to sun or vice versa, recorded as a response to artificial shading during sunny weather), using ten nests of Formica polyctena near Vimperk Czechia. Dense clusters occurred only in spring; weak clusters rarely occur the rest of the year. Statistical analysis showed that timing of dense clusters is affected by both environmental parameters (light intensity, insulation status of the nest) and internal nest factors (inner nest temperature, ant population size, nest volume). Phototaxis changed from positive to negative during the year. In spring, ant workers performed the sun basking readily and when shaded moved into the sun. In summer, however, the ants avoided sun basking and aggregated in the shade. The shift from sun basking to sun avoidance was driven mainly by nest surface temperature. The switch occurred when the temperature of sun-exposed nest surface reached 42.8 °C, which is two degrees higher than the experimentally measured lethal temperature (LD50) for red wood ants. This shows that two basic components of sun basking, aggregation and sun exposure, are driven by a different set of environmental conditions and their interplay is likely to maintain balance between the needs of the colony to heat up the nest and risk for individual workers arising from overheating during prolonged sun exposure.

中文翻译:

影响红木蚁晒太阳的因素(Formica polyctena):集群和趋光性的田间试验

我们监测了巢穴内部和表面温度以及木蚁晒太阳行为的两个方面:聚集(通过定期监测簇的发生和密度)和趋光性(从阴凉处移动到阳光下,反之亦然,记录为在阳光明媚的天气下对人工遮阳的反应),使用了 Vimperk Czechia 附近的十个 Formica polyctena 巢穴。密集的集群只出现在春季;弱星团在一年中的其余时间很少出现。统计分析表明,密集簇出现的时间受环境参数(光照强度、巢的绝缘状态)和巢内因素(内巢温度、蚂蚁种群大小、巢体积)的影响。趋光性在这一年中由正转为负。在春天,蚂蚁工人很容易地晒太阳,当阴凉处移到阳光下。然而,在夏天,蚂蚁避免晒太阳并聚集在阴凉处。从晒太阳到避免晒太阳的转变主要是由巢表面温度驱动的。当暴露在阳光下的巢穴表面温度达到 42.8 °C 时,就会发生这种转变,这比实验测得的红木蚁致死温度 (LD50) 高 2 度。这表明晒太阳的两个基本组成部分,聚集和阳光照射,是由一组不同的环境条件驱动的,它们的相互作用很可能在殖民地加热巢穴的需要和个体工人因暴露而产生的风险之间保持平衡。长时间暴露在阳光下会过热。从晒太阳到避免晒太阳的转变主要是由巢表面温度驱动的。当暴露在阳光下的巢穴表面温度达到 42.8 °C 时,就会发生这种转变,这比实验测得的红木蚁致死温度 (LD50) 高 2 度。这表明晒太阳的两个基本组成部分,聚集和阳光照射,是由一组不同的环境条件驱动的,它们的相互作用很可能在殖民地加热巢穴的需要和个体工人因暴露而产生的风险之间保持平衡。长时间暴露在阳光下会过热。从晒太阳到避免晒太阳的转变主要是由巢表面温度驱动的。当暴露在阳光下的巢穴表面温度达到 42.8 °C 时,就会发生这种转变,这比实验测得的红木蚁致死温度 (LD50) 高 2 度。这表明晒太阳的两个基本组成部分,聚集和阳光照射,是由一组不同的环境条件驱动的,它们的相互作用很可能在殖民地加热巢穴的需要和个体工人因暴露而产生的风险之间保持平衡。长时间暴露在阳光下会过热。这比实验测得的红木蚁致死温度 (LD50) 高出两度。这表明晒太阳的两个基本组成部分,聚集和阳光照射,是由一组不同的环境条件驱动的,它们的相互作用很可能在殖民地加热巢穴的需要和个体工人因暴露而产生的风险之间保持平衡。长时间暴露在阳光下会过热。这比实验测得的红木蚁致死温度 (LD50) 高出两度。这表明晒太阳的两个基本组成部分,聚集和阳光照射,是由一组不同的环境条件驱动的,它们的相互作用很可能在殖民地加热巢穴的需要和个体工人因暴露而产生的风险之间保持平衡。长时间暴露在阳光下会过热。
更新日期:2019-03-01
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