The huge economic resources which have been available for more than a decade to promote the development of renewable energy sources (RES) and assimilated ones have had as a side effect the installation of plants in many areas of Italian territory, where, in several cases, they started to characterize the landscapes. The high speed with which these plants spread in the territory, the low consideration generally given to the landscape and the cultural and normative lack of preparation with which local authorities have been able to address this diffusion in its acute phase have triggered a strong debate—not only among experts but also in the newspapers—which was useful to understand the issue and to think about possible solutions. This article aims to describe a general framework about the principal effects on the landscape produced by economic incentives in the energy sector, reflecting on the main phases in which economic resources have been allocated to stimulate the use of RES. The first part of the essay describes the incentive mechanisms of RES which have been adopted in Italy since the early 1980s, with particular attention to those adopted during this decade, since these latter have been much more effective and have had a greater impact on the landscape. In the second part the technological, building and territorial factors which are causing the incentives for RES plants to significantly affect the landscape of some territories will be illustrated (see for example those areas affected by wind farms or biogas and photovoltaic plants). Following such line of reasoning we can talk about landscapes of energy incentives. In the third part the main changes to the landscape due to medium and large wind power, photovoltaic, hydroelectric and biomass plants will be summarized.

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能源激励的格局

十多年来，可用于促进可再生能源 (RES) 和同化能源发展的巨大经济资源对在意大利领土的许多地区安装工厂产生了副作用，在一些情况下，他们开始描绘风景。这些植物在该地区的快速传播、对景观的普遍重视以及地方当局在其急性期解决这种扩散的文化和规范准备不足，引发了一场激烈的辩论——不是不仅在专家之间，而且在报纸上——这有助于理解问题和思考可能的解决方案。本文旨在描述能源部门经济激励措施对景观的主要影响的总体框架，反映经济资源分配以刺激可再生能源使用的主要阶段。本文的第一部分描述了自 1980 年代初以来在意大利采用的可再生能源激励机制，特别关注这十年中采用的那些，因为后者更加有效并且对景观产生了更大的影响. 在第二部分中，将说明导致 RES 发电厂对某些地区的景观产生重大影响的技术、建筑和地域因素（参见例如那些受风电场或沼气和光伏电站影响的地区）。按照这样的推理思路，我们可以谈论能源激励的前景。第三部分总结了中大型风力发电、光伏发电、水力发电和生物质发电厂对景观的主要变化。