Two-echelon vehicle routing problems which contain synchronization between vehicles can be deeply impacted by time uncertainty, because one vehicle’s delay can propagate to other vehicles. In this paper, we evaluate the deterministic solution of such a problem based on simulated travel time scenarios. The information obtained by simulation is incorporated in the optimization procedure iteratively. Computational results show that the degree of synchronization in an instance is directly correlated with the potential improvements by reoptimization. We present findings on the number of travel time scenarios required to obtain a representative picture of the stochastic solutions. In addition, we demonstrate that time dependent travel times can be aggregated on a city-wide level and linearized as a function of free flow times without major loss of reliability.

包含两辆车之间的同步性的两级车辆路线问题可能会受到时间不确定性的严重影响，因为一辆车的延迟会传播到其他车上。在本文中，我们基于模拟出行时间场景评估了此问题的确定性解决方案。通过仿真获得的信息将迭代地合并到优化过程中。计算结果表明，实例中的同步程度与重新优化可能带来的改善直接相关。我们介绍了获得随机解决方案代表性图片所需的旅行时间场景数量。此外，