BackgroundUnderstanding the role of agroecosystems as habitat for wildlife is crucial for long-term conservation planning, as different crop stratification and landscape elements can influence bird communities, which are also affected by seasonality. The goal of our study was to determine how agricultural landscapes varying in land cover characteristics affect bird richness and abundance. Bird surveys were conducted at 110 locations within agricultural landscapes in central Chile. The surveyed areas were characterized by land cover at two scales (50 and 500 m radii) through direct observation and photo-interpretation, during winter and spring seasons. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used to evaluate the effects of different agricultural land covers on bird species and communities.ResultsOur results show that birds were more abundant during winter, in particular for insectivorous and granivorous birds, and that bird species richness was significantly increased due to cover provided by hedgerows at the plot scale.ConclusionsWe found that abundance of some bird species in agroecosystems in central Chile was higher in winter than in spring, and that overall bird richness was favored by structural diversity including non-crop structures such as hedgerows, which thus may be relevant for improving bird conservation management in temperate agroecosystems. Our results suggest that native vegetation proximity and area may affect seasonal changes in bird communities at larger scales, relationships which warrant further study.

中文翻译：

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作为智利中部鸟类栖息地的农业景观

背景了解农业生态系统作为野生动物栖息地的作用对于长期保护规划至关重要，因为不同的作物分层和景观元素会影响鸟类群落，鸟类群落也受季节性影响。我们研究的目的是确定不同土地覆盖特征的农业景观如何影响鸟类的丰富度和丰度。在智利中部农业景观的 110 个地点进行了鸟类调查。在冬季和春季，通过直接观察和照片解译，调查区域以两个尺度（半径 50 米和 500 米）的土地覆盖为特征。广义线性混合模型用于评估不同农业用地覆盖对鸟类物种和群落的影响。结果我们的研究结果表明，冬季鸟类数量较多，尤其是食虫和食谷类鸟类，并且由于小区尺度上树篱提供的覆盖，鸟类物种丰富度显着增加。结论我们发现中部农业生态系统中一些鸟类物种的丰度智利的冬季高于春季，并且整体鸟类丰富度受到结构多样性的青睐，包括非作物结构，例如树篱，因此这可能与改善温带农业生态系统中的鸟类保护管理有关。我们的研究结果表明，原生植被接近度和面积可能会在更大范围内影响鸟类群落的季节性变化，这种关系值得进一步研究。并且由于绿篱提供了样地尺度的覆盖，鸟类物种丰富度显着增加。 结论我们发现智利中部农业生态系统中某些鸟类的丰度在冬季高于春季，并且整体鸟类丰富度受到结构多样性的青睐包括非作物结构，例如树篱，因此可能与改善温带农业生态系统中的鸟类保护管理有关。我们的研究结果表明，原生植被接近度和面积可能会在更大范围内影响鸟类群落的季节性变化，这种关系值得进一步研究。并且由于在样地尺度上树篱提供的覆盖，鸟类物种丰富度显着增加。 结论我们发现智利中部农业生态系统中某些鸟类的丰度在冬季高于春季，并且整体鸟类丰富度受到结构多样性的青睐包括非作物结构，例如树篱，因此可能与改善温带农业生态系统中的鸟类保护管理有关。我们的研究结果表明，原生植被接近度和面积可能会在更大范围内影响鸟类群落的季节性变化，这种关系值得进一步研究。并且整体鸟类丰富度受到结构多样性的青睐，包括非作物结构，例如树篱，因此这可能与改善温带农业生态系统中的鸟类保护管理有关。我们的研究结果表明，原生植被接近度和面积可能会在更大范围内影响鸟类群落的季节性变化，这种关系值得进一步研究。并且整体鸟类丰富度受到结构多样性的青睐，包括非作物结构，例如树篱，因此这可能与改善温带农业生态系统中的鸟类保护管理有关。我们的研究结果表明，原生植被接近度和面积可能会在更大范围内影响鸟类群落的季节性变化，这种关系值得进一步研究。